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Keywords: electrolyser energy storage environmental remediation FM01-LC mass transport metal ion removal inorganic and organic electrosynthesis water treatment A B S T R A C T The FM01-LC is a laboratory-scale, electrochemical filter-press cell with a projected electrode area of 64 cm 2 and a rectangular electrolyte flow channel which was originally based on the larger FM21-SP electrolyser of 2100 cm 2 projected electrode area designed for the chlor-alkali industry then diversified to other applications. Many laboratories and industries have utilised this type of controlled flow reactor containing plane parallel electrodes in a rectangular channel for industrial and commercial applications. The diverse range of electrodes possible in such cells is emphasized with examples including 3-D metals and carbon, coated metal electrodes and nanostructured surfaces offering a high surface area. The experimental characterization and computational modelling of its reaction environment are concisely described discussed to appreciate the features of this type of electrochemical reactor. The cell construction and reaction environment are summarized, followed by an illustration of its use for a range of applications that include organic and inorganic electrosynthesis, metal ion removal, energy storage, environmental remediation (e.g., precious metal recycling or anodic destruction of organics) and drinking water treatment. Examples of the cell for energy conversion and storage (flow batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells) are briefly illustrated. The use of such a flow cell for the characterization of new electrochemical processes and to provide data enabling scale-up is considered.

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The degradation of 2.5 L of Acid Yellow 36 solutions at pH 3.0 by electro-oxidation (EO) has been studied in a flow plant with a reactor containing an Ir-Sn-Sb oxide anode and a stainless steel cathode. The anode was prepared onto Ti by the Pechini method and characterized by SEM-EDX and XRD. It showed a certain ability to electrocatalyze both, the generation of adsorbed OH from water oxidation in sulfate medium and, more largely, the production of active chlorine in a mixed electrolyte containing Cl − ion. The EO treatment of the dye solution in the latter medium led to a rapid decolorization because active chorine destroyed the colored by-products formed, but color removal was much slower in pure NaClO 4 or Na 2 SO 4 due to the limited formation of OH. In contrast, greater mineralization was obtained in both pure electrolytes since the by-products formed in the presence of Cl − became largely persistent. The effect of liquid flow rate, current density and dye content on the EO performance in the mixed electrolyte was examined. The drop of absorbance and dye concentration obeyed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Interestingly, the decolorization rate, dye concentration decay and TOC removal were enhanced upon catalysis with 1.0 mM Fe 2+. Such better performance can be accounted for by the formation of OH in the bulk from the electro-Fenton-like reaction between electrogenerated HClO and added Fe 2+. Even larger mineralization was achieved by the photoelectro-Fenton-like process upon irradiation of the solution with UVA light due to photolysis of some refractory intermediates. Maleic and acetic acids were detected as final short-chain linear carboxylic acids. The loss of Cl − and the formation of ClO 3 − , ClO 4 − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − and NH 4 + were evaluated as well.