Inter-organisational relations research has shown that relationship characteristics can influence performance in seller-buyer transactions. Using a transaction cost economics approach, this research shows that relational elements such as expectation of continuity reduce the transaction risks related to behavioural uncertainty or asset specificity. However, transaction costs are not only caused by transaction risks but also by the need to coordinate the individual activities of the buyer and the seller. Inter-organisational coordination is important in transactions with perishable products and products with credence attributes, such as in fresh produce supply chains. To study the impact of different relationship characteristics on the efficiency of transactions in a fresh produce supply chain, we collected and analyzed data from 122 avocado producers in Mexico. We found that information exchange and producer expectation of continuity of the relationship positively affect performance in the seller-buyer transaction. While expectation of continuity leads to lower transaction costs associated with behavioural uncertainty, information exchange facilitates the efficient alignment of interdependent activities.
Objective: To analyze the traceability system required by the Phytosanitary Protocol signed between Mexico and China for the export of fresh cranberries. Design/Methodology/Approach: The case study approach is used to analyze the Global Value Chain of Cranberry between Mexico and China (GVCCMC). The information is obtained through semi-structured interviews and bibliographical analysis. Results: The traceability system of cranberry is influenced by the differentiation of attributes of innocuousness and plant health that comply with the regulations established by the Chinese government to allow the influx of fresh cranberry to their market. The traceability system provides and recovers information through the use of codes in labels. Study Limitations/Implications: The traceability system of the Global Value Chain of a single product destined to a specific market was analyzed, so it cannot be generalized. Findings/Conclusions: The companies that are part of the Global Value Chain of Cranberry between Mexico and China use the traceability system along with other tools that allow the management of quality, innocuousness, plant health and logistics, to provide information about the product, to make decisions about payments and to comply with regulations.
La comercialización de cafés diferenciados ha tomado una gran relevancia debido a que es una opción para los pequeños productores para acceder a mercados internacionales y mejorar su bienestar económico. Lo anterior requiere de nuevas estrategias para responder a los cambios en la demanda a lo largo de la cadena de abastecimiento. Mediante el desarrollo de un estudio de caso en el que se incluye un total de diecisiete entrevistas, diez a productores, cinco entrevistas aplicadas a los representantes de cada cooperativa, una al representante de la empresa Integradora INCAFESAM, y una al representante de la empresa Malongo, el presente estudio muestra como las prácticas colaborativas adoptadas permiten ser una solución para lograr una reducción en los costos de transacción y mayor coordinación en la cadena de abastecimiento del café de la región de Córdoba, Veracruz. La investigación se llevó a cabo entre los meses de septiembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, la prácticas de estandarización, certificación y aprovisionamiento asociado han contribuido en la reducción de los costos de transacción tales como de información sobre la cantidad de abastecimiento, calidad del producto, y costos por monitoreo y de negociación. Por otra parte, la práctica intercambio de información ha permitido mejorar la coordinación entre los miembros de la cadena de abastecimiento lo que resulta en una mejor planeación y disponibilidad de producto con base en la calidad requerida en el mercado.
ResumenMéxico es el mayor consumidor per cápita de huevo en el mundo; factores como las enfermedades crónicas asociadas al sobrepeso y a la obesidad, y las tendencias hacia una alimentación sana y natural, han impactado en la disminución del consumo de huevo genérico, reduciendo así la rentabilidad del negocio del pequeño y mediano productor de huevo. La estrategia económica para mantener la rentabilidad es producir un huevo diferenciado para el mercado nacional. El objetivo de la presente investigación es medir la tendencia de consumo per cápita de huevo para plato en México para fijar el máximo consumo permisible utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones en diferencia de segundo orden, lineales, no homogéneas y con equilibrio móvil, considerando un período de estudio de 1980 a 2013. Los resultados mostraron que el consumo de huevo para plato en México ya llegó a un límite de consumo saludable, por lo que la demanda futura sólo crecerá al ritmo de crecimiento de la población. El huevo diferenciado representa para el pequeño y mediano productor la estrategia económica a seguir; y para el consumidor una fuente alternativa para el consumo de un alimento saludable acorde a necesidades específicas. AbstractMexico is the largest per capita consumer of eggs in the world; factors such as chronic diseases associated with overweight and obesity, and trends towards a healthy and natural diet, has impact on reducing the consumption of generic egg, thus reducing the profitability of small and medium egg producer. The economic strategy to maintain profitability is to produce a differentiated egg for domestic market. The aim of this research is to measure the trend in per capita consumption of table eggs in Mexico to set the maximum allowable consumption using a model of difference equations of second order, linear, inhomogeneous and moving equilibrium, considering a period of study from 1980 to 2013. The results showed that the consumption of table egg in Mexico reached a limit to a healthy consumption limit, so that future demand will only grow at the pace of population growth. The differentiated egg represents for small and medium producers an economic strategy to follow; and for consumer an alternative to consume a healthy food according to specific needs.
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