Caldasia 38(1): 165-181. 2016 RESUMEN Se analizó el contenido de 546 estómagos de 24 especies de anuros del piedemonte de la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Cada estómago fue extraído, disectado y preservado, se realizaron mediciones de masa y volumen en lleno y vacío. Posteriormente, para cada una de las presas, se realizó la identificación taxonómica, conteo y se midieron el ancho y el largo de aquellas completas para establecer su aporte al volumen estomacal. Se identificaron 37 ítems alimenticios representados en 2986 individuos o partes de ellos. El porcentaje de vacuidad alcanzó una media de 25,2±23,02% del total estudiado. Los ítems más representativos corresponden a la Clase Insecta (95%), distribuidos en Hymenoptera (72.9%), Coleoptera (8%), Isoptera (6.2%) y Orthoptera (1,6%). Dentro de los artrópodos no insectos el ítem más representativo está en la Clase Arachnida (4%). La mayoría de las especies presentan valores medios y altos de amplitud de nicho, es decir, son generalistas en el consumo de presas.Palabras clave. Amphibia, Ecología Trófica, Áreas Protegidas, Orinoquia. ABSTRACTWe analyzed the contents of 546 stomachs of 24 species of anurans from the foothills of the eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. We removed, dissected and preserved each stomach, mass and volume measurements were performed in full and empty. Subsequently, each prey was identified, counted and measured (width and length) to determine its contribution to the stomach volume. We identified 37 food items represented in 2986 individuals or parts of them. The percentage of voidness reached an average of 25, 2±23, 02% of the total studied. The most representative items correspond to the class Insecta (95%), distributed in Hymenoptera (72.9%), Coleoptera (8%), Isoptera (6.2%) and Orthoptera (1.6%). Within the non-insect doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v38n1.57836
The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (SDGs) establish the need to guarantee quality water for all people. In numerous rural settlements of Colombia, access to clean drinking water is a formidable challenge as frequently observed when waterborne diseases arise, mainly in vulnerable populations without basic sanitation systems. The main objective of this study was to assess the quality and potential use of groundwater sampled from 17 monitored wells in a typical rural settlement in Colombia. Water quality was determined by applying a quality index and performing a principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the weights of each parameter. The results of the Phosphorus, Nitrates, Thermotolerant coliforms and pH variables exceeded regulatory limits, mainly in areas affected by anthropogenic sources with an insufficient sewage network. Coliform population and NO3 exceeded World Health Organization recommended thresholds for drinking water. Therefore, the qualities of the studied water samples were unsuitable for human consumption without prior adequate treatment and, hence, one recommendation is to regulate groundwater monitoring quality. In addition, unhealthy waste disposal practices should be abolished, while permanently controlled modern techniques should be introduced.
There is extensive research of the Ephemeroptera communities taxonomy and ecology in the Andean region of Colombia. However, other regions such as the Orinoquia have been insufficiently studied. From this region, in the Meta department, four species have been registered: Varipes lasiobrachius Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Coryphorus aquilus Peters, Miroculis (Atroari) colombiensis Savage & Peters and Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira). The main objective of this study is to report for the first time for this region the species: Mayobaetis ellenae (Mayo), Hydrosmylodon primanus (Eaton), Haplohyphes baritu Domínguez, Camelobaetidus edmundsi Dominique, Mathuriau & Thomas and Nanomis galera Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty.
Se corrigen las palabras clave así: Palabras clave: Distribución, Andina-Orinoco, pie de monte, taxonomía.
The mayflies are insects widely known as indicators of aquatic quality in freshwater systems, they are abundant and diverse in tropical streams. In this study, it was determined the influence of physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics on the Ephemeroptera assembly in a period of low precipitation in the Ocoa river of Meta department. There were 5,332 nymphs belonging to 4 families, 10 genera and 3 species. Three new genera records and one species are presented for Meta: Cloeodes, Zelusia, Lumahyphes and Americabaetis alphus. The genera Camelobaetidius and Varipes were found associated with conditions of contamination by organic matter and water mineralization. Likewise, Americabaetis, Thraulodes, Lumahyphes and Tricorythodes were associated with contamination conditions, especially with nitrites and nitrates. Nanomis, Cloeodes and Zelusia showed greater sensitivity to the contamination condition and were related to high percentages of dissolved oxygen in the water and they were in the sampling stations of the upper part in the river. It is important to mention that there were not Ephemeroptera in most of the stations associated with the urban area. That reflects their high sensitivity to polluting conditions at low precipitation period.
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