BackgroundPotential regulators of adipogenesis include microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that have been recently shown related to adiposity and differentially expressed in fat depots. However, to date no study is available, to our knowledge, regarding miRNAs expression profile during human adipogenesis. Thereby, the aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA pattern in human fat cells and subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated to obesity and co-morbidities and whether miRNA expression profile in adipocytes is linked to adipogenesis.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe performed a global miRNA expression microarray of 723 human and 76 viral mature miRNAs in human adipocytes during differentiation and in subcutaneous fat samples from non-obese (n = 6) and obese with (n = 9) and without (n = 13) Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM-2) women. Changes in adipogenesis-related miRNAs were then validated by RT-PCR. Fifty of 799 miRNAs (6.2%) significantly differed between fat cells from lean and obese subjects. Seventy miRNAs (8.8%) were highly and significantly up or down-regulated in mature adipocytes as compared to pre-adipocytes. Otherwise, 17 of these 799 miRNAs (2.1%) were correlated with anthropometrical (BMI) and/or metabolic (fasting glucose and/or triglycerides) parameters. We identified 11 miRNAs (1.4%) significantly deregulated in subcutaneous fat from obese subjects with and without DM-2. Interestingly, most of these changes were associated with miRNAs also significantly deregulated during adipocyte differentiation.Conclusions/SignificanceThe remarkable inverse miRNA profile revealed for human pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes hints at a closely crosstalk between miRNAs and adipogenesis. Such candidates may represent biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obesity and obesity-related complications.

Intestinal perforation by a foreign body is rare and normally affects the sigmoid colon, rectum or distal ileum. Dentures are a common risk factor. Patients are rarely aware of foreign body ingestion. Dietary FB and toothpicks are the most commonly ingested objects. Treatment consists of surgery and antibiotics. Appendicitis and acute diverticulitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Aims/hypothesis Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase reactant known to be increased in obesity. We hypothesised that LBP is produced by adipose tissue (AT) in association with obesity. Methods LBP mRNA and LBP protein levels were analysed in AT from three cross-sectional (n=210, n=144 and n=28) and three longitudinal (n=8, n=25, n=20) human cohorts; in AT from genetically manipulated mice; in isolated adipocytes; and in human and murine cell lines. The effects of a high-fat diet and exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist were explored. Functional in vitro and ex vivo experiments were also performed. Results LBP synthesis and release was demonstrated to increase with adipocyte differentiation in human and mouse AT, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

Early diagnosis--we recommend CT in thin, elderly, multiparous women with intestinal obstruction--and early treatment can reduce complications and mortality.

The diagnosis of rectal FB should be suspected when faced with low pelvic or perianal abdominal pain and/or rectal haemorrhage within the context of an unconvincing story in patients without a history of recent instrumental rectal exploration for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Because of potential complications, FB in the rectum should be considered a serious condition that must be treated without delay.