Los alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje presentan, en ocasiones, déficits en matemáticas, especialmente en el área de resolución de problemas. Parece bien establecido que los niveles de resolución de problemas son significativamente más bajos en los alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje. Los programas instruccionales diseñados para la mejora del aprendizaje en resolución de problemas aritméticos han establecido la importancia de incorporar en el entrenamiento estrategias de dominio de conceptos y tareas de planificación. Aunque se hace una revisión de aquellos procedimientos que utilizan pensamiento estratégico como herramienta instruccional, se expone con más detalle un programa instruccional ya contrastado para ayudar a resolver problemas aritméticos dentro del modelo mixto cognitivo comportamental. El procedimiento permite desarrollar el pensamiento estratégico de los alumnos/as y utiliza tanto dispositivos de respuesta con feedback directo, como aprendizaje de representación gráfica de los componentes del problema. Tras exponer los fundamentos del programa y sus aspectos más prácticos, se especifican las implicaciones educativas más significativas de su uso en entornos de educación primaria. Palabras clave: Resolución de problemas, aritmética, pensamiento estratégico.
Optical transmission spectra are very sensitive to inhomogeneities of thin ¢lms. In particular, non-uniform ¢lm thickness leads to shrinking of the transmission spectrum at normal incidence. This non-uniformity has to be taken into account, because its ignorance may lead to serious errors in the calculated values of the refractive index and the ¢lm thickness. This paper presents a method, which transforms the optical transmission spectrum of a wedge-shaped thin ¢lm into a spectrum of a uniform ¢lm whose thickness is equal to the average thickness of the non-uniform ¢lm. This allows to calculating the refractive index, the average thickness, as well as a parameter indicating the degree of ¢lm thickness uniformity. The method is successfully applied to wedge-shaped obliquely-deposited chalcogenide glass thin ¢lms of chemical composition GeS 2 . The dispersion of the refractive index in the subgap region is discussed in terms of the Wemple-DiDomenico singleoscillator model. The optical-absorption edge is described using the `non-direct transition' model suggested by Tauc, and the optical gap is calculated by Tauc's extrapolation. Far-infrared spectroscopy has been used to clearly complement the results derived from the present optical measurements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.