Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a common form of interpersonal violence in both developed and developing countries, and represents a forensic and public health problem. IPV is related to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This relationship however, has not been investigated in Colombian population. Objective: To determine the strength of the association between IPV and PTSD in women referred for forensic psychiatric evaluation in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Method: A case-control study was designed. A total of 132 cases involving women referred for forensic psychiatric evaluation met criteria for PSTD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). A group of 262 women without PTSD were taken as controls. First, odds ratio (OR) was computed. Logistic regression was used to control confounding variables. Results: A total of 76 (56.6%) in the case group reported IPV during the past year compared to 85 (32.6%) in the control group. IPV and PTSD were associated (OR=3.09, 95%CI: 1.58-6.03) after controlling for age, employment, medico-legal loss or injury, and current aggressor (partner). Conclusions: IPV increased the risk for PTSD three-fold among women attending forensic assessment in Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Introducción. El trastorno depresivo mayor es la segunda causa productora de discapacidad en Latinoamérica. No hay escalas validadas en Colombia para adolescentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la validez y la confiabilidad de la escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos para la Depresión en adolescentes colombianos en edad escolar. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de validación de la escala con una muestra de adolescentes en edad escolar de Bucaramanga. Se evaluaron con la escala para depresión y la entrevista clínica estructurada. La escala fue aplicada nuevamente 3 a 28 días después. Se determinaron la validez de criterio, la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad prueba reprueba. Resultados. Se evaluaron 390 adolescentes con edad promedio de 14,8±1,22 años. La prevalencia de trastorno depresivo mayor fue de 11,5%. El índice de consistencia, o alfa de Cronbach, fue de 0,85. El área bajo la curva según las características receptor operador fue de 0,82 y el punto de corte mayor o igual a 23 mostró una sensibilidad de 73,3%. Se encontró: especificidad de 73,6%, valor diagnóstico positivo de 26,6% y valor diagnóstico negativo de 95,5%. El coeficiente de concordancia de Lin fue de 0,75. Conclusión. La validez y la confiabilidad de la versión en español de la escala en adolescentes en edad escolar del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos para la Depresión, fueron similares a las informadas anteriormente, aunque cambió el punto de corte.Palabras clave: reproducibilidad de resultados, validez de las pruebas, trastorno depresivo mayor, psiquiatría del adolescente, escalas de valoración psiquiátrica, cribado. Validity and reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale on Colombians adolescent studentsIntroduction. Major depressive disorder is the second major cause of adolescent psychological incapacitation in Latin-America. However, scales for detecting these disorders have not been validated for screening adolescents in Colombia. Objective. The validity and reliability of a Spanish translation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D)-Depression scale was assessed in adolescent students. Materials and methods. A validation study for a diagnostic scale was performed with a sample of 390 adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Santander Province, in northwestern Colombia. The students were evaluated by two methods: (a) the CPS-depression scale and (b) a semi-structured clinical interview. Three to 28 days after the interview, the scale was re-applied. Criterion validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability was analyzed. Results. The mean age was 14.8±1.2 years old. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 11.5%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. The area under the curve produced by the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82, and the cut point of ≥23 showed a sensitivity of 73.3%; specificity, 73.6%; positive predictive value, 26.6%, and negative predictive value, 95.5%. Lin´s coefficient of concordance was 0.75.
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