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In the present paper, the ionic conductivity and the dielectric relaxation properties on the poly(vinyl alcohol)-CF 3 COONH 4 polymer system have been investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy measurements over wide ranges of frequencies and temperatures. The electrolyte samples were prepared by solution casting technique. The temperature dependence of the sample's conductivity was modeled by Arrhenius and Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equations. The highest conductivity of the electrolyte of 3.41×10 −3 ( cm) −1 was obtained at 423 K. For these polymer system two relaxation processes are revealed in the frequency range and temperature interval of the measurements. One is the glass transition relaxation (α-relaxation) of the amorphous region at about 353 K and the other is the relaxation associated with the crystalline region at about 423 K. Dielectric relaxation has been studied using the complex electric modulus formalism. It has been observed that the conductivity relaxation in this polymer system is highly nonexponential. From the electric modulus formalism, it is concluded that the electrical relaxation mechanism is independent of temperature for the two relaxation processes, but is dependent on composition.

We report on electrical relaxation measurements of (1 − x)NH 4 H 2 PO 4 -xTiO 2 (x = 0.1) composites by admittance spectroscopy, in the 40-Hz-5-MHz frequency range and at temperatures between 303 and 563 K. Simultaneous thermal and electrical measurements on the composites identify a stable crystalline phase between 373 and 463 K. The real part of the conductivity, σ ', shows a power-law frequency dependence below 523 K, which is well described by Jonscher's expression σ = σ 0 (1 + (ω/ω p ) n ), where σ 0 is the dc conductivity, ω p /2π = f p is a characteristic relaxation frequency, and n is a fractional exponent between 0 and 1. Both σ 0 and f p are thermally activated with nearly the same activation energy in the II region, indicating that the dispersive conductivity originates from the migration of protons. However, activation energies decrease from 0.55 to 0.35 eV and n increases toward 1.0, as the concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles increases, thus, enhancing cooperative correlation among moving ions. The highest dc conductivity is obtained for the composite x = 0.05 concentration, with values above room temperature about three orders of magnitude higher than that of crystalline NH 4 H 2 PO 4 (ADP), reaching values on the order of 0.1 ( cm) −1 above 543 K.

The CO hydrogenation reaction was studied under methanation conditions (H2/CO >3, 250–300 °C) on Co/SiO2 catalysts with different mean Co nanoparticle size (dp = 4 nm, 13 nm and 33 nm).

Solvated electrons, es-, have been generated in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) by chemical and electrochemical means. W h e n Na metal was used to release es-, two distinct bands, already reported in the literature, appeared in t h e absorption spectrum of t h e solution, which rapidly turned red-brown and decomposed according to irreproducible complex kinetics which could not be analysed. When Li was used instead of sodium, a single broad band extending into t h e IR region developed and later decayed obeying consistently first-order kinetics in absorbance. Kinetic rate constants are reported and half-lives at ambient temperature were about 1 h duration. A systematic study of the disappearance of solvated electrons in HMPA was carried out at several temperatures (from 7 to 27°C) and an activation energy ( 8 H 9 kJ mol-') is estimated both in t h e absence and in the presence of lithium perchlorate. However, t h e overall reaction rate is markedly increased in the presence of Li' ; a mechanism is proposed to account for this lithium salt effect.

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In the present work, the electrical and thermal characterization of polymer electrolytes based on PEO/CF3COONa are reported, which turn out to be good ionic conductors near room temperature (of the order 10—4 Ω—1 cm—1 for high salt concentrations). The variation of conductivity with temperature (plotted as ln σ versus 1/T) and salt concentration suggests a complex formation. This is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which also indicates that the blends are thermally stable up to approximately 480 K. The high conductivity and the single‐phase behavior of the blends are explained in terms of the plastification effect of the organic salt on the PEO.