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The rational use and reuse concepts as tools for water and wastewater management programs in industry are proposed and evaluated. It is presented and discussed the basic issues related to the needs of developing and implementing a water and wastewater management program and its importance to industry. The evaluation and validation of the proposed tools were based on a Case Study developed at KODAK Brasileira -Indústria e Comércio Ltda. The main industrial processes were analyzed, in order to identify water demand and major areas for water optimization and reuse opportunities. The results associated with water optimization and reuse, were very satisfactory, both in terms of water consumption reduction as well as productivity increase. The global water reduction potential was estimated at 14,5 %, and the gain on productivity at about 76 hours per month. On the other hand it was verified that wastewater reuse has its own limitations. The results obtained allows for the conclusion that rational use and reuse are basic tools on developing any water and wastewater management program for industry. However the technical and economical limitation should be carefully evaluated.

-In this paper, the influence of biofilm carriers in a MBR on the performance of organic matter and nitrogen removal and the influence on membrane fouling were evaluated. The configurations studied included a Conventional Membrane Bioreactor (C-MBR) and a Biofilm Membrane Bioreactor (BF-MBR) operated in parallel, both fed with domestic wastewater. Regarding organic matter removal, no statistically significant differences were observed between C-MBR and BF-MBR, producing an effluent with a Soluble COD concentration of 27 ± 9.0 mgO 2 /L and 26 ±1.0 mgO 2 /L and BOD concentration of 6.0 ± 2.5 mgO 2 /L and 6.2 ± 2.1 mgO 2 /L, respectively. On the other hand, the BF-MBR produced a permeate with lower ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations, which resulted in a removal efficiency of 98% and 73%, respectively. It was also observed that the fouling rate was about 35% higher in the C-MBR than that for the BF-MBR, which also presented a reduction of total membrane resistance, about 29%, and increased operational cycle length around 7 days, compared to C-MBR.

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Neste trabalho é apresentada uma avaliação comparativa preliminar entre os sistemas de tratamento de água por ultrafiltração, convencional e convencional com carvão ativado, com base nos custos diretos de implantação e operação, utilizando-se os resultados obtidos em uma unidade piloto de ultrafiltração, instalada junto à captação de água no Reservatório Guarapiranga. Para comparação considerou-se os dados relativos à eficiência da remoção de Carbono Orgânico Total. A avaliação de custos foi feita pelo método de cálculo do período de retorno de investimento, obtendo-se valores de R$ 0,20/m³ para o sistema convencional e R$ 0,40/m³ para os outros sistemas. Estes resultados mostram o potencial de processos de separação por membranas no tratamento de água para abastecimento público.