A cavidade oral apresenta uma grande diversidade de microrganismos. A microbiota bucal encontra-se normalmente em harmonia com o hospedeiro, porém, em condições anormais tem o potencial de gerar infecções bucais e sistêmicas graves. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a importância da microbiota oral no processo saúde-doença. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados: LILACS, BBO, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), tendo como critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos que tratassem sobre a temática, publicados entre 2000 e 2018 em português, inglês e espanhol. Os resultados demonstraram que a microbiota oral sofre influência da temperatura, pH, presença de oxigênio, disponibilidade de nutrientes e os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro. Ao ocorrer desregulações desses parâmetros a microbiota é alterada, o que desencadeia a colonização por patógenos. As infecções sistêmicas (cardiopatias e infecções respiratórias) correlacionadas apresentam relações diretas e bidirecionais, onde o desfecho quase sempre é o óbito. Entretanto, observa-se a necessidade de pesquisas mais detalhadas para esclarecer esta real influência.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the main oral manifestations in patients with COVID-19. METHOD: This is an integrative review carried out in the VHL and MEDLINE / Pubmed databases, in which scientific articles were included in Spanish and English until the period of September 2020. RESULTS: The main manifestations related to COVID-19 were: fungal infections, recurrent infection of the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), nonspecific oral ulcerations, fixed drug eruptions, dysgeusia, dry mouth linked to decreased salivary flow and gingivitis - as a result of impaired immune system and / or susceptible oral mucosa. CONCLUSION: The importance of a thorough clinical examination by the dentist for the diagnosis and treatment of these oral changes is emphasized.
Introduction: Anemias correspond to hematological disorders that can present in the oral cavity and face. Objective: To review the literature on the main types of anemic disorders and their orofacial manifestations, considering the aspects of interest to dentists. Methodology: This is a literature review, in which articles were selected in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Scielo, Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities and their correspondents in Portuguese language. Literature review: Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include mainly Iron-Deficiency, Megaloblastic, Fanconis, Sickle Cell, Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia. The manifestations vary from burning and painful symptoms in the tongue, pallor of lips and mucosa, stomatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, susceptibility to candidiasis and peri-odontal disease. Also, dental changes, hyposalivation, malocclusion, osteomyelitis of the jaw, paraesthesia of the mental nerve and orofacial pain are included. Conclusion: These manifestations can be the first signs of the presence of anemia, which gives the dentist an important role in early diagnosis and proper management of dental treatment.
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