This report describes the clinical manifestation of different Salmonella serovars in dairy calves. S. typhimurium was identified in faecal samples of a calf with rectal prolapse and in faecal samples and mesenteric lymph nodes of a calf with necrosis at the tip of the tail. S. agona was identified in faecal samples of a calf with diarrhoea but no other clinical manifestation, and S. dublin was observed in faecal and organ samples from a calf with neurological symptoms. Assays to differentiate between the main enteric pathogens (Enteropathogenic E. coli, rotavirus and coronavirus) were performed and were negative. Due to the negative impact of salmonellosis and occurrence of different serovars and clinical manifestations in calves, the correct diagnosis is important to identify control and prophylactic measures in a dairy herd. Key words: Salmonellosis, calves, diagnosis, serovars ResumoEste relato de caso descreve a manifestação clínica de diferentes sorovares de Salmonella em bezerros leiteiros. A S. typhimurium foi identificado em amostras fecais de um bezerro com prolapso rectal e em amostras fecais e linfonodos mesentéricos de um bezerro com necrose na ponta da cauda. Já a S. agona foi identificada em amostras de fezes de um bezerro com diarréia, mas sem nenhuma outra manifestação clínica, e a S. dublin foi observada em amostras de fezes e de órgãos a partir de um bezerro com sinais clínicos neurológicos. Diagnóstico diferencial para os principais patógenos entéricos (E. coli enteropatogênica, rotavirus e coronavirus) foram realizados e foram negativos. Devido ao impacto negativo da salmonelose e a ocorrência de diferentes sorotipos e manifestações clínicas em bezerros, o diagnóstico correto é importante para identificar formas de controle e medidas profiláticas no rebanho leiteiro.
Crossbreed F1 Holstein x Gyr cows are proving to be a good alternative for milk production under tropical conditions. In order to contribute to that affirmative, our work focused on clarifying the metabolic patter of F1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows during the most critical time in the lactation cycle, the transition period, and to compare their performance in two seasons. Blood sampling was performed on 15 cows during summer (January to April) and on 13 cows during winter (May to August), beginning three weeks before the estimated calving date, until 30 days relative to calving. The season had a great influence on the metabolic status. Almost all evaluated metabolites, with exception for aminotransferase (AST), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), that have shown no variation among seasons, demonstrated a different patter between summer and winter. Liver functions were enhanced during the postpartum, with increased liver enzymes activity and increased concentration of cholesterol and BHB. Animals went through negative energy balance (NEB) and an alarming number of animals had experienced subclinical ketosis and high NEFA concentrations.
The transition period is often a great challenge for dairy cows and mineral imbalances are frequent. With the aim to better understand the mineral profile of F 1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows and their performances under the different conditions of summer and winter, we collected blood samples to measure calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Samplings were performed during summer and winter, on 15 and 13 pluriparous F 1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows, respectively. Blood sampling started 4 weeks prior to the expected calving date until 30 days postpartum. The mean concentrations of all three minerals had a different pattern during the transition period in each season, representing the interaction time x season. Calcium concentration was lower in winter and more animals suffered from subclinical hypocalcemia (100%) then in summer (38.46%). Magnesium concentration was also lower in winter and 46.67% of animals had hypomagnesemia, contributing for the higher hypocalcemia frequency observed in the same season. A high proportion of animals had hyperphosphatemia what can represent an environmental problem and more attention should be given to it. The high frequency of animals with subclinical hypocalcemia is alarming once that can lead to greater consequences.
Clostridium perfringens type A has been incriminated as the etiologic agent in jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (JHS), which is a disease that affects dairy cattle. Although this microorganism is considered an important enteropathogen the pathogenesis of JHS is still not clear, and there have been no reports of its occurrence in Brazil so far. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of JHS by infection with a C. perfringens type A strain carrying the beta-2 toxin gene in a zebu cow in Brazil, for the first time.
COVID-19 has brought numerous challenges for the dairy industry. This research aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian dairy cattle farming. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 via Google Forms® platform. Data obtained were tabulated and evaluated using descriptive and multivariate analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskall-Wallis, Variance Analysis (ANOVA), and Dunn’s post-hoc comparison. The study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research with Human. In total, 73 viable responses were obtained, with participations from the Brazilian regions Midwest, Northeast, South, and Southeast. Among the biosecurity measures adopted during the study, 86% of farm employees began to sanitize their hands more often to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Use of masks during work was required all the time during work by employees in 17 properties (23%), although the use of masks was not required in 40 (55%) farms and 16 properties required them during part of the work (22%). Regarding milk production, 99% of the respondents had no problems with milk collection and more than half of the producers had difficulties in acquiring animals. Moreover, thirty-seven percent of the interviewees said they were unaware of how the virus was transmitted. Regarding the size of the dairy farms, small farms were more likely to have no veterinary medical care. The pandemic brought positive and negative impacts to dairy properties, which was influenced by the number of animals, the presence of veterinary care, and average daily milk production.
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