Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are presented as rare malignant neoplasms. In unusual cases, those neoplasms may arise in solid organs containing neuroendocrine cells, such as the pancreas. Herein the case of a 28-year-old patient that underwent gastroduodenopancreatectomy after the diagnosis of a huge mass (PNET) located in both head and body of the pancreas is reported. This is the 19th case of pancreatic PNET reported in literature.

Background:After the publication of the first recommendations of ERAS Society regarding colonic surgery, the proposal of surgical stress reduction, maintenance of physiological functions and optimized recovery was expanded to other surgical specialties, with minimal variations. Aim:To analyze the implementation of ERAS protocols for liver surgery in a tertiary center. Methods: Fifty patients that underwent elective hepatic surgery were retrospectively evaluated, using medical records data, from June 2014 to August 2016. After September 2016, 35 patients were prospectively evaluated and managed in accordance with ERAS protocol. Results:There was no difference in age, type of hepatectomy, laparoscopic surgery and postoperative complications between the groups. In ERAS group, it was observed a reduction in preoperative fasting and in the length of hospital stay by two days (p< 0.001). Carbohydrate loading, j-shaped incision, early oral feeding, postoperative prevention of nausea and vomiting and early mobilization were also significantly related to ERAS group. Oral bowel preparation, pre-anesthetic medication, sub-costal incision, prophylactic nasogastric intubation and abdominal drainage were more common in control group. Conclusion: Implementation of ERAS protocol is feasible and beneficial for health institutions and patients, without increasing morbidity and mortality.

O tratamento das doenças hepatobiliares através de hepatectomias centrais tem sido um dos desafios técnicos mais importantes para a cirurgia neste final de século. Embora diversas técnicas tenham sido utilizadas nas últimas décadas, só recentemente estas têm sido executadas com segurança, diminuindo drasticamente as taxas de morbi-mortalidade, e com isso propiciando resultados favoráveis no tratamento das diferentes afecções hepáticas. Quer o figado apresente-se ou não com hepatopatia crônica, a integração de equipes multidisciplinares afeitas a este tipo de cirurgia e de patologia, permitiu que ressecções complexas fossem realizadas. Com o princípio de manter massa e função hepatocitária remanescente viáveis, o estudo morfológico e funcional do fígado no pré-operatório impõe que técnicas de transplante de segmentos hepáticos sejam freqüentemente utilizadas, seja na reconstrução vascular, seja na redução e conservação de massa hepática. Desta maneira, a ressecção de qualquer parte do fígado com o mínimo de utilização de derivados sangüíneos tem se mostrado factível através do conhecimento apurado da anatomia hepática e da utilização de ecografia transoperatória. Deste trabalho de revisão de diferentes técnicas de hepatectomias centrais são apresentadas, discutidas as indicações e detalhes cirúrgicos de cada uma delas.

SummaryBackground:Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease that generally has a poor prognosis. Patients affected by the disease usually present with signs and symptoms related to local growth of the tumor, gastrointestinal bleeding and nutritional impairment. Skin metastases are rare events, associated with advanced stage and poor survival.Case Report:We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented poor general status, dysphagia, weight loss and skin lesions disseminated throughout the body. Endoscopic examination revealed the presence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and biopsies of skin lesions showed metastasis of this cancer to the esophagus.Conclusions:We believe that any suspicious lesion that presents together with a history of gastrointestinal malignancy should be biopsied, since it can change the staging and prognosis of patients.

-Context -Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for resectable cancer of the periampullary region. These tumors account for 4% of deaths from cancer, being referred to as one of the lowest survival rates at 5 years. Surgery remains a complex procedure with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite reports of up to 30% mortality rates, in centers of excellence it have been identified as less than 5%. Recent studies show that pancreaticojejunostomy represents the "Achilles' heel" of the procedure.Objective -To evaluate the post-operative 30 days morbidity and mortality rates. Methods -Retrospective analysis of 97 consecutive resected patients between July, 2000 and December, 2012. All patients were managed by the same group, and data were obtained from specific database service. The main objective was to evaluate the 30-day mortality rate, but we also studied data of surgical specimen, need for vascular resection and postoperative complications (gastric stasis, pancreatic fistula, pneumonia and reoperation rate).Results -Thirty-day mortality rate was 2.1% (two patients). Complete resection with no microscopic residual tumor was obtained in 93.8% of patients, and in 67.3% of cases pathology did not detected metastatic nodes. Among postoperative complications were reported 6% of prolonged gastric stasis, 10.3% of pneumonia, 10.3% of pancreatic fistula and 1% of infection in the drain pathway. Two patients underwent reoperation due to bleeding and infected hematoma caused by pancreatic fistula, and another for intestinal obstruction because of adhesions at postoperative day 12. Conclusion -The pancreaticoduodenectomy as treatment procedure for periampullary cancers has a low morbidity and mortality rate in services with experience in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery, remaining as first-line treatment in resectable patients. HEADINGS -Pancreatic neoplasms. Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Mortality.