This paper addresses one of the main issues regarding numerical derivatives valuation, particularly the search for an alternative to the normality assumption of underlying asset returns, to obtain the price by using numerical techniques. There might be difficulties in making normality assumptions, which could produce over-valuated or sub-valuated prices of derivatives. Under this consideration, the Generalized Hyperbolic family has been proven to be a proper selection to model heavy tailed distribution behavior. The Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution is a member flexible enough to model financial returns. NIG distribution can be used to model distribution returns under different states of nature. The indexes of the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) economies were studied at different time-periods using return data series from 2002 to 2005, 2006 to 2010 and 2011 to 2015, in such a manner to demonstrate with statistical criteria that NIG fits the empirical distribution in the three periods; even throughout economic downturn. This result may be used as an improvement in derivatives valuation with indexes as underlying assets.
This paper develops the ability of the normal inverse Gaussian distribution (NIG) to fit the returns of bitcoin (BTC). As the first cryptocurrency created, the behavior of this new asset is characterized by great volatility. The lack of a proper definition or classification under existing theory exacerbates this property in such a way that explosive periods followed by a rapid decline have been observed along the series, meaning bubble episodes. By detecting the periods in which a bubble rises and collapses, it is possible to study the statistical properties of such segments. In particular, adjusting a theoretical distribution may help to determine better strategies to hedge against these episodes. The NIG is an appropriate candidate not only because of its heavy-tailed property but also because it has been proven to be closed under convolution, a characteristic that can be implemented to measure multivariate value at risk. Using data on the price of BTC with respect to seven of the main global currencies, the NIG was able to fit every time segment despite the bubble behavior. In the out-of-sample tests, the NIG was proven to have an adjustment similar to that of a generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution. This result could serve as a starting point for future studies regarding the statistical properties of cryptocurrencies as well as their multivariate distributions.
Como una extensión del artículo de Núñez, De la Cruz y Ortega (2007), diferentes mo delos paramétricos con saltos son probados con la metodología desarrollada por AitSa halia y Peng (2006), basados en la función de transición. Los datos analizados correspon den al tipo de cambio pesodólar. La idea es implantar modelos paramétricos de tiempo continuo para el tipo de cambio mencionado. Los resultados confirman que los modelos de tiempo continuo propuestos no son suficientemente buenos para explicar el compor tamiento del tipo de cambio. Sin embargo, considerando algunos modelos de tiem po continuo con saltos de Poisson, es posible describir tal comportamiento.Palabras clave: tipo de cambio, saltos, densidad de transición. Clasificación jel: G2.
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