This article describes an application in Spain of Florida's model (2002=2010, 2005) about creativity, economy and growth. Creativity is an indicator that measures and combines technology, talent, and tolerance. Each of these is composed of three subindices. The most important conclusion from the data reported here is that creativity in particular, and growth in general, was less related to tolerance than the other two indices. However, the subindex of tolerance reflecting bohemia was important; the other two (foreigners and gays) were not.
RESUMENLa juventud no debe ser definida por las carencias que padece frente a los adultos, derivadas de su posición subordinada en instituciones centrales de la sociedad tales como el trabajo y la familia. Al contrario, es necesario descubrir la diferencia cultural de la que es portadora prestando atención a las singulares prácticas sociales que protagoniza. Partiendo de esta idea y siguiendo a Caillois, se comparan los ceremoniales agon (relaciones interpersonales, entre los géneros y con los objetos), ilinx (autoalteración de la conciencia mediante la ingestión de drogas) y mimicry (usos y funciones simbólicas otorgadas al vestuario), además de la apropiación del espacio y de los gustos musicales, de los públicos juvenil y adulto de la discoteca But y de la sala de fiestas Pasapoga, ambas en Madrid. La conclusión es que mientras los adultos permiten que se sostengan ciertos pilares socioculturales emblemáticos de la modernidad, los jóvenes tienden inercial y espontáneamente a erosionar su dominio.
From its origins, the dominant thought in the Western Culture, put the soul first and despised the body, generating distinctions and hierarchies in which the spiritual or immaterial was considered superior to the corporal or material. But the bodies, far from conforming to this, have not allowed themselves to be reduced to these dichotomous patterns. The queer, turning their complex identity around, discovered the body, worked with it, but returned to the field of immateriality in which the identity is lodged, although populated with hybridizations and transversalities. The crip movement have completed the gesture of the queer entering fully into the field of the body, denaturalizing categories that were anchored to him, such as deficiency or disability, and interpreting it as radically interdependent. However, in the absence of tradition in dealing with the body, both in reflection and politics, we are inspired by other cultures that always put corporality in the foreground to go in search of the body that the West Culture lost. The Native American Indians are explicit in terms of contrast between humans and non-humans, it follows that for them there is a unique culture with multiple natures, as opposed to Western, because it believes in plurality of cultures and in a uniform nature. In order to coexist with this diversity, the West has invented "cultural relativism" and "multiculturalism", while the Native American Indians have developed a "multinaturalism" with their "perspectivism". We propose to denominate perspectivism a modality of science and politics that could manifest the radical influence of bodies in the world.
ResumenEn la modernidad lo social se hace y se piensa en términos endógenos, no desde instancias exteriores, como sucedió en la premodernidad. La sociología y la política son modos relacionados entre sí de hacer y saber sobre lo social ensayados por las élites y que se deben a lo instituido. Sin embargo, la modernidad se caracteriza también por el hecho de que la sociedad saca fuerza de la continua desintegración de la sociedad instituida. Esa desintegración permite liberar lo instituyente. A esta liberación podemos denominarla «anamne-sis». Hay varias clases de anamnesis si distinguimos su carácter provocado/espontáneo o local/global. Las técnicas de investigación social encuadradas en la perspectiva dialéctica (como el análisis institucional y la investigación-acción-participativa) provocan anamnesis locales. La pregunta que cabe hacerse es si es posible provocar anamnesis globales. Palabras clave: técnicas de investigación, instituido/instituyente, autoorganización, complejidad. Abstract. Social research and anamnesis. Beyond the dialectic perspectiveIn Modernity society is made and thought by /from itself, not by/from Good or other external levels, like in Premodernity. Sociology and Policy are means of making and thinking society invented by elites that refer to institué. However, in Modernity it also happens that society obtains power from continuos disintigration of institué, wich enables to liberate instituant sociability. Liberetion can be called anamnesis. There are four ways of anamnesis: spontaneus local, provoked local, spontaneous global and provoked global. Dialectic Social Research, wich was theorized by Ibáñez, provokes local anamnesis. The question is: It's posible to provoke global anamnesis?
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