Pseudomonas syringae is described as a species complex, containing P. syringae‐related species classified into 13 phylogroups and 23 clades. Pseudomonas syringae is one of the main pathogens of fruit trees, affecting nut trees, hazelnut and kiwi, pome and stone fruits. Bacterial canker of apricots is an important disease in regions of production with cold winters and conducive soils. This work characterizes the bacteria able to induce canker in apricots isolated in different French orchards. Bacteria from four phylogroups were able to induce canker. The pathogenicity to apricot was not linked to the pathogenicity to the three herbaceous species and cherry fruits tested, and was not always related to hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and ice nucleation activity. Bacteria pathogenic to apricot belong to phylogroups 01, 02, 03 and 07. The bacteria of phylogroups 01a and 07a (Pseudomonas viridiflava) characterized in this work have not previously been described as pathogenic to apricot.
Introducción: Los bosques de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca (RBMM) sirven como refugio para la mariposa monarca. Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad del crecimiento de plántulas de regeneración natural de A. religiosa en vivero y la variación genética asociada al gradiente altitudinal entre poblaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron plántulas recién germinadas de manera natural en un transecto altitudinal (2 960 a 3 450 m) que abarcó seis poblaciones de la RBMM. Las plantas crecieron durante 18 meses en un vivero a 3 000 m de altitud. Resultados y discusión: La supervivencia promedio de A. religiosa fue de 75 %. Las plantas mostraron diferencias significativas en la supervivencia (P < 0.0001), altura (P = 0.0430) y diámetro basal (P < 0.0001) entre procedencias; las poblaciones de los extremos altitudinales tuvieron los valores más altos. Conclusión: El trasplante de plantas germinadas de manera natural en el bosque a envases para su crecimiento en vivero es viable. El patrón altitudinal fue atípico, ya que las poblaciones de los extremos altitudinales tuvieron el mejor crecimiento.
Climate change is predicted to lead to increasingly intense and hotter droughts, causing physiological weakness followed by forest decline in many regions of the world. Long- and short-range remote sensing (satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly called drones) can sense drought-induced changes in vegetation. Although several studies have addressed forest decline events, none have analyzed the forest decline attributable to climate change using remote sensing in a concise manner. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to characterize the scientific production reported in the Web of Science repository. The search descriptors were a combination of keywords related to forest decline and remote sensing. The results showed 278 articles published between 1989 and 2021 in 92 journals, with an average annual increase of 31%. A total of 29 nodes and 220 scientific collaboration links were located, mainly led by researchers from USA, Germany and China. Keyword analysis using World-TreeMap reflected the association of different key forest decline phenomena such as drought stress and climate change. Although the use of satellite information to study and understand forest decline has been reported for just over three decades, the most notable feature of the present research was the limited role of drones with only 5 studies. This reveals an area of opportunity to take advantage of the main strengths of drones, i.e., spatial and temporal resolution, low cost compared to manned flights, and centimeter accuracy. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to increase studies to improve the use of multispectral sensors, thermal and LiDAR technology for long-term monitoring of forest decline related to climate change.
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