As part of its core business of gathering population-based information on new cancer diagnoses, the Belgian Cancer Registry receives free-text pathology reports, describing results of (pre-)malignant specimens. These reports are provided by 82 laboratories and written in 2 national languages, Dutch or French. For breast cancer, the reports characterize the status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2. These biomarkers are related with tumor growth and prognosis and are essential to define therapeutic management. The availability of population-scale information about their status in breast cancer patients can therefore be considered crucial to enrich real-world scientific studies and to guide public health policies regarding personalized medicine. The main objective of this study is to expand the data available at the Belgian Cancer Registry by automatically extracting the status of these biomarkers from the pathology reports. Various types of numeric features are computed from over 1,300 manually annotated reports linked to breast tumors diagnosed in 2014. A range of popular machine learning classifiers, such as support vector machines, random forests and logistic regressions, are trained on this data and compared using their F1 scores on a separate validation set. On a held-out test set, the best performing classifiers achieve F1 scores ranging from 0.89 to 0.92 for the four classification tasks. The extraction is thus reliable and allows to significantly increase the availability of this valuable information on breast cancer receptor status at a population level.
The high propulsive efficiency, the fast manoeuvrability and the low noise production of the propulsion of marine animals inspired the development of a new ship propeller. This text describes the design of a flapping foil ship propeller and the experiments performed on it. The flapping foil propeller mimics the tail fin of fish that swim at high speed, like tunas or sharks, in at least two ways: the hydrodynamics and the resonant driving mechanism. The motion of the foil is a combination of a heaving and a pitching oscillation, with a phase difference. The wake behind the tail of a fish has a special structure called the reversed von Karman street. If the motion parameters are well chosen, the wake behind the flapping foil has a similar structure, resulting in positive thrust force and high propulsive efficiency. The driving mechanism uses flexibility to exclude the need for one of the two actuators. The influence of the free surface and the oscillation frequency on the performance are investigated.
The high propulsive efficiency, the fast manoeuvrability and the low noise production of the propulsion of marine animals inspired the development of a new ship propeller. This text describes the design of a flapping foil ship propeller and the experiments performed on it. The flapping foil propeller mimics the tail fin of fish that swim at high speed, like tunas or sharks, in at least two ways: the hydrodynamics and the resonant driving mechanism. The motion of the foil is a combination of a heaving and a pitching oscillation, with a phase difference. The wake behind the tail of a fish has a special structure called the reversed von Karman street. If the motion parameters are well chosen, the wake behind the flapping foil has a similar structure, resulting in positive thrust force and high propulsive efficiency. The driving mechanism uses flexibility to exclude the need for one of the two actuators. The influence of the free surface and the oscillation frequency on the performance are investigated.
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