Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide. Chemotherapy response is very poor and resistance to hormone-based treatments is frequent in advances stages. Recently, tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identifi ed in several cancers, including PCa. These cells are thought to be responsible for therapy resistance, relapse and metastasis. In the present work, enriched populations of CSCs were obtained using a mixed procedure that included diff erential clone-forming ability, sphere growing induction (prostatospheres) and magnetic-associated cell sorting (MACS). Also, stem marker expression was determined in PCa biopsies of diff erent histological grades and metastasis samples. The signature for stem markers of the isolated CSCs was CD133+/CD44+/ABCG2+/ CD24-. Expression of stem markers (CD133, CD44, and ABCG2) was higher in medium Gleason biopsies than in lower and higher grades, and lymph-node and bone metastasis samples. These results suggest that the CSCs in PCa reach an important number in medium Gleason grades, when the tumor is still confi ned into the gland. At this stage, the surgical treatment is usually with curative intention. However, an important percentage of patients relapse after treatment. Number and signature of CSCs may be a prognosis factor for PCa recurrence.
RESUMEN El presente artículo informa parte de una tesis doctoral que investigó la actitud que tienen los estudiantes en relación al feedback correctivo (FC) escrito en una segunda lengua (L2). La actitud fue medida con un cuestionario que utilizó una escala Likert de 5 puntos. Las preferencias se midieron en porcentajes de frecuencia de respuesta y la correlación entre la actitud y el efecto del FC escrito se realizó utilizando el índice de correlación de Pearson. Además, se realizó un análisis de covarianza de medidas repetidas con la actitud como covariable para mayor precisión estadística. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes prefieren ser corregidos en la producción de textos escritos en inglés como L2 y que la actitud puede llegar a tener un efecto mediador sobre el efecto del FC.
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