This paper proposes a continuous inspection method to assess the journey safety applied to aerial cable vehicles of mass transportation;a type of detachable gondola liftin terms of commercial operation in an urban area, specifically referring to the device coupling assembly on the track rope. The inspection method has been developed on the basis of a continual measurement process of the recorded strain conditions on a principal component of the coupling assembly. The selected component is commonly referred to as moving jaw. The proposed inspection procedure is structured based on the following set of consecutive stages: (i) Downloaded by [Simon Fraser University] at 02:56 17 March 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 characterization of the load states generated by the commercial operation of the system; (ii) definition of the sections of greater sensitivity to the strains caused by the load states, by means of Finite Elements; (iii) development of a measurement system; (iv) calibration of the measuring system with controlled tests; and (v) implementation and continuous records data in commercial operation.
Electric mobility is the answer to the current problems associated with transport as inefficiency and pollution; however autonomy presents difficulties due to the low energy storage capacity of batteries. In that way, it is necessary to optimize the performance of electric vehicles in a city considering the factors that could affect it. In road tests of EVs in other cities it has been established that the range of the vehicle depends on the temperature, the road type, the acceleration, velocity, topography and the usage of auxiliary services (heating, air conditioning). These variables are defined by the urban conditions of each city. In this paper, road tests are performed in order to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the I-MiEV electric vehicle during operating condition in the city of Bogotá, which is 2600 meters above sea level and an average temperature of 15 o C. Initially road tests were performed with GPS measurements to determine the typical road for corporate fleet. The definition of the typical road was performed by analysing rates of speed, acceleration, inclination and travel time. 100 road tests for evaluating the performance of electric vehicles which contain local and arterial roads, intermediate, different conductor types and topography were performed. Measurements analyses of road tests were performed, which allowed finding operating efficiencies of 80% due to the regeneration of energy from the vehicle.
Summary.The conditions for the operation of railway systems are closely related to the increase of the commercial demand; as a consequence, the performance of the structural elements of railways changes. The present paper focuses on a study of the structural behaviour of bolster-beams under commercial operation conditions of railway systems, specifically in the dynamic conditions generated in events of over-traction and over-braking on the vehicle running. The proposed work is constructed based on the following phases: (i) analysis of the kinematics of the vehicle; (ii) development of numerical models, a model based on the multibody theory, and a Finite Elements model; (iii) development of experimental field tests; and (iv) development of simulations for a detailed analysis of the structural behaviour for a study of the strain distribution in the main bolster-beam. This study is applied to a particular case of a railway system that provides commercial service to passengers. ANÁLISIS DEL ESTRUCTURAL DE LAS TRAVIESAS DE TRENES BAJO CONDICIONES DE OPERACIÓN COMERCIAL: SOBRE-ACELERACIÓN Y SOBRE-FRENADOResumen. Las condiciones de operación de los sistemas ferroviarios se encuentran estrechamente relacionadas con el incremento de la demanda, en consecuencia el comportamiento de los elementos estructurales del tren varían. El presente trabajo se enfoca en el estudio del comportamiento estructural de la traviesa pivote, bajo condiciones de operación comercial de un sistema ferroviario, específicamente en las condiciones dinámicas generadas en los eventos de sobre-aceleración y sobre-frenado del vehículo. El trabajo propuesto se estructura con base en el siguiente conjunto de etapas: (i) estudio de la cinemática del vehículo en marcha; (ii) desarrollo de modelos numéricos uno basado en la teoría multi-cuerpo y otro basado en Elementos Finitos; (iii) desarrollo de pruebas experimentales en campo; y (iv) desarrollo de simulaciones para el análisis detallado del comportamiento estructural para el estudio del flujo de los esfuerzos en la traviesa pivote. El trabajo es aplicado a un caso particular de estudio de un sistema ferroviario que presta servicio comercial de pasajeros.
Transformer insulation aging is a critical issue for both reliable and economic operations, and for planning of electrical systems. As insulation aging depends on the hottest-spot temperature, transformer management can be improved with a suitable model for temperature estimation and prediction. However, the temperature inside transformers varies dynamically because of changes in both the cooling conditions and the load cycles. Hence, this paper presents an algorithm to estimate and predict the hottest-spot in Dry-Type distribution transformers, so that their capability and insulation life can be assessed. This procedure is focused on transformers used to directly connect PV-inverters to the grid in order to consider the uncontrolled power generation of distribution PV-systems. To implement the algorithm, it is assumed that records of ambient temperature, PV-system power generation cycle, and winding temperature are available. With this data, the parameters of an equivalent thermal circuit are fitted in order to dynamically model the transformer hottest-spot. The method was validated using twelve-day records of a 70 kW p PV-generation system connected to a 75 kVA Dry-Type transformer. Results show that an enhancement in the hot-spot estimation is reached, and an assessment of the performance in real-time monitoring of the transformer capacity is achieved employing the proposed algorithm.
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