Introduction: High-performance athletes spend numerous hours per week training and therefore are more predisposed to suffer sports-related injury. Evidences show that depression and less severe degrees of emotional distress predict both: the onset of new episodes and persistence of pain.Objective: To examine the association of swimming training routines, job stress (effort-reward imbalance), overtraining-related subjective markers, and biological and sociodemographic factors with prevalence of pain and with psychological distress, in high-performance swimmers from the highest-level competition.Methods: Observational sectional study. Forty-two high-performance swimmers (N=42) from the most elevated competition level (World-class and Olympic) took part in the study as population census of the swimming athletes. Analyses were performed using c2, simple and multiple logistic regressions (via generalized linear models).Results: Prevalence of psychological distress was of 35.7%. Prevalence of pain was of 45.2% and there was significantly difference between men and women (p<0.001). Psychological, psychosocial, biological, socioeconomic and demographic factors were not associated with pain (p>0,05). Overtraining-related subjective markers and low reward were associated with psychological distress (p=0,020), but not with pain. Psychological distress and pain were associated with decreased performance and lower quality of life athletes.Conclusion: Few studies focused pain in high-performance athletes. The present study indicated that further attention is required in training routines, inside and outside the pool to prevent pain in high performance swimmers.Prevalência de dor e sofrimento psicológico em nadadores de alto rendimento: estresse no trabalho e fatores associados – um estudo seccionalIntrodução: Atletas de alto rendimento passam inúmeras horas por semana treinando e, portanto, estão mais predispostos a sofrer lesões relacionadas ao esporte. Evidências mostram que a depressão e graus menos graves de sofrimento emocional predizem ambos: o início de novos episódios e a persistência da dor.Objetivo: Examinar a associação de rotinas de treinamento em natação, estresse no trabalho (desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa) e outros fatores com prevalência de dor e sofrimento psíquico em nadadores de alto rendimento. Além disso, examinamos a relação de sofrimento psicológico e dor.Métodos: Estudo seccional observacional. Quarenta e dois nadadores de alto rendimento (N = 42) do nível competitivo mais elevado (World-Class e Olympic) participaram do estudo como amostra de conveniência. As análises foram realizadas usando c2, regressões logísticas simples e múltipla (via modelos lineares generalizados).Resultados: A prevalência de sofrimento psíquico foi de 35,7%. A prevalência de dor foi de 45,2% e houve diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres (p<0,001). Fatores psicológicos, psicossociais, biológicos, socioeconômicos e demográficos não foram associados à dor (p>0,05). Marcadores subjetivos relacionados ao excesso de treinamento e baixa recompensa foram associados com sofrimento psíquico (p=0,020), mas não com dor. Sofrimento psicológico e dor foram associados com a diminuição do desempenho e menor qualidade de vida atletas.Conclusão: É necessária maior atenção nas rotinas de treinamento, dentro e fora da piscina, para prevenir a dor em nadadores de alto desempenho.
BackgroundOn study of athletes, science has been devoted focusing on athletic performance. However, more recently, researchers have been concerned with other aspects that transcend obtaining results such as the health and well being of high-performance athletes.ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of pain and associated factors and its relation to the quality of life in elite athletes of various sports.DesignAn observational, cross-sectional and analytical study.SettingLevel of competition: International, World and Olympic.ParticipantsThe study population was composed of 86 high-performance athletes: 13 of judo, 42 of swimming, 22 of parachuting, and 9 of volleyball.Risk factor assessmentThe risk factors were: training aspects (sports practice time in years, number of training hours accumulated per week) and complementary training (stretching, resistance exercises and functional training). The evaluation was made by self-reported questionnaires. The occurrence of pain was assessed as a risk factor for quality of life.Main outcome measurementsThe prevalence of pain (primary outcome) was estimated by self-reported questionnaire referring to anatomical region that occurred. Quality of life (secondary outcome) was investigated using the WHOQOL-Brief.ResultsSports practice time and gender were not associated with the occurrence of pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sport (Figure 1) and age were associated with the outcome (P<.05). Pain was associated with lower quality of life in domains physical, psychological and environmental.Figure 1Prevalence of pain according to sport..ConclusionsThe occurrence of pain can affect the amount of training supported by the athlete, resulting in decreased performance. Therefore it is imperative the monitoring for reducing pain in elite athletes. These are highly demanded both psychologically and physically; that's why it is equally important that they also be assisted to improve their perceived quality of life.
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