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ABSTRACT. Sim ilarity of call site in anu ran community in Northwestcrn São Paulo State, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura). The breadth and overlap Df mal e call site were determined for 15 anuran species fi·om a temporruy pond in N0I1hwestem São Paulo State, Brazil. Four measurements were made at lhe point of capture Df each calling male and the frequency of mating call was detennined. There was a high overlap along each variable Df call site, but less than 28% 01' possible species pairs presented high overlap for ali variables. Taxonomically related species pairs calling from grass presented spatial and acoustic segregation, while those calling from the ground presented only acoustic segregation. The similarity of call site seems to be not only related to the taxonomic relationships but also with the body size and spatial heterogeneity.

ABSTRACT. The diet of tadpoles of 13 anuran species was determined to verify whether food resource partitioning occurs and whether the degree of diet similarity is related to taxonomic affinity. Tadpoles of all species studied were mainly herbivorous, except for these of Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) which were mycophagous. Although some species had exclusive items in their diet, most tadpole species ingested the same items, but differed in the amount of each item consumed. Two guilds were found: tadpoles that feed on diatoms on the pond bottom, and tadpoles that feed on Oedogonium Link, 1820 algae in midwater. Diet similarity was related to the taxonomic relationship, microhabitat and feeding behavior of tadpoles indicating that the community organization is complex and resulting from the interaction of several parameters. KEY WORDS. Community ecology, food partitioning, microalgae.RESUMO. Dieta dos girinos de um açude temporário no sudeste do Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Determinou-se a dieta dos girinos de 13 espécies de anuros, com o objetivo de verificar se ocorre partilha de recursos alimentares e se o grau de similaridade na dieta é relacionado ao parentesco, inferido pela proximidade taxonômica. Os girinos de todas as espécies estudadas foram preponderantemente herbívoros, exceto os de Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) que foram micófagos. Embora algumas espécies tenham apresentado itens exclusivos em sua dieta, os girinos da maioria das espécies ingeriram os mesmos itens, diferindo na quantidade consumida de cada item. Duas guildas foram encontradas: girinos que se alimentam de diatomáceas no fundo do corpo d'água e girinos que se alimentam de algas do gênero Oedogonium Link, 1820 à meia-água. A similaridade na dieta foi relacionada à proximidade taxonômica, ao microhabitat e ao comportamento de alimentação, indicando que a organização desta comunidade é complexa e resultante da interação entre vários fatores. PALAVRAS CHAVE. Ecologia de comunidade, partilha de alimento, microalgas, sudeste do Brasil.

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Vocal communication traits of Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni, of the nana species group, were studied from August 1997 until June 1999 in two large permanent ponds located in an open field in Botucatu, São Paulo State. One hundred thirty-one individuals, 71 of H. nana and 58 of H. sanborni, were recorded in the beginning of their vocalization activity and during chorus vocalization. The rhythms of sound emission on the two occasions were different. An advertisement call consists in a consecutive series of simple notes in rapid succession. Both species have two types of notes in their advertisement calls, here named types A and B. Type A notes are introductory and have a longer and higher pulse number and are emitted more frequently in the beginning of vocalization activity. Introductory notes are the first to be emitted in chorus activity. Type B notes are secondary, of shorter duration and lower pulse number, and are emitted during chorus vocalization. The notes of both types differ significantly in their temporal structure. Both species present acoustic segregation in both spectral and temporal structure.

Specimens of Bufo ictericus, Bufo paracnemis and a third type, considered an intermediate subgroup between these species, were cytogenetically studied by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding and staining of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). The nuclear DNA content and seroproteins were also analyzed to characterize these species, and verify the possibility of hybridization between them. Karyotypes and cytogenetic markers were essentially equal on the basis of the methods used. The DNA nuclear content found was 6.25 ± 0.30 pg/DNA in Bufo ictericus; 7.57 ± 0.40 pg/DNA in Bufo paracnemis and 7.04 ± 0.29 pg/DNA in the intermediate subgroup.Eletrophoresis of total blood serum in Bufo ictericus, Bufo paracnemis and the intermediate specimens revealed a remarkable difference in the patterns of the protein bands whose molecular weight corresponded to that of albumin. While the parental species presented two different bands, the intermediate form presented 4. However, only three of these bands were seen in each specimen. The results obtained pointed to a high probability for natural hybridization between Bufo ictericus and Bufo paracnemis in the site and specimens studied.

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Anurans in an open cerrado area in the municipality of Borebi, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil: habitat use, abundance and seasonal variation. Biota Neotrop. 11(2): http:// www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n2/en/abstract?article+bn04011022011Abstract: Cerrado biome is mischaracterized and less than three percent of its original areas are legally protected. The anuran fauna of this biome is not very rich when compared with others biomes, but there are a large number of endemic species. Here we present a list of anuran species recorded in a pond in an open cerrado area in the municipality of Borebi, middle-western region of the São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. For 24 months (2008 and 2009), we characterized the distribution of species on the studied pond and seasonal variation of species occurrence. We recorded 27 species from six families: Bufonidae (two species), Cycloramphidae (one species), Hylidae (13 species), Leiuperidae (four species), Leptodactylidae (five species), and Microhylidae (two species). Species richness and abundance were related to rainfall. Dendropsophus minutus vocalized through the year, while Rhinella ornata and Odontophrynus americanus were restricted to the dry and cold period (April -August). The other species had their period of higher activity during the warm and rainy months (September -March). The distribution of species within the pond was related to the type of vegetation and to the variation on water volume of the pond, principally during dry periods. Anurans richness and abundance at the pond can be a result of the absence of predatory fish, the different types of available microhabitats and the absence of other water bodies nearby. Keywords: amphibians, community, savanna, inventory, seasonality.MAFFEI, F., UBAID, F.K. & JIM, J. Anurofauna em área de cerrado aberto no município de Borebi, estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil: uso do habitat, abundância e variação sazonal. Biota Neotrop. 11(2): http:// www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n2/pt/abstract?article+bn04011022011Resumo: O bioma Cerrado encontra-se descaracterizado e menos de três por cento de suas áreas originais está legalmente protegida. A anurofauna desse bioma não é muito rica quando comparado a outros biomas, porém há um grande número de espécies endêmicas. Aqui apresentamos uma lista de espécies de anuros registrados em uma lagoa em área de cerrado aberto do município de Borebi, região Centro-Oeste do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Durante 24 meses de estudo (2008 e 2009) caracterizamos a distribuição das espécies na lagoa estudada e descrevemos a variação sazonal das espécies. Foram registradas 27 espécies pertencentes a seis famílias: Bufonidae (duas espécies), Cycloramphidae (uma espécie), Hylidae (13 espécies), Leiuperidae (quatro espécies), Leptodactylidae (cinco espécies) e Microhylidae (duas espécies). A riqueza de espécies e abundância estiveram relacionadas com a precipitação. Dendropsophus minutus foi a espécie mais abundante e com registro de vocalização durante o ano inteiro. Rhinella orn...