The low frequency of apoptotic phenomena (caspase-3 and Bax) in epithelial cells of OLP may create a favourable substrate for malignant transformation. However, there does not seem to be an association with the clinical form (atrophic-erosive or reticular).

Abstract. Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) may be a response to oncogenic activation, acting as a natural barrier against carcinogenesis at a premalignant stage. Thus, numerous cells in premalignant lesions enter senescence, but none or few in malignant tumours. This event could be due to the loss of senescence pathway effectors, including p16 (INK4a)-pRb or ARF-p53. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the expression of certain senescent markers between oral precancer and cancer tissue samples. The expression of cyclin D1, Rb, maspin, p53 and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) was analyzed in 20 paraffin-embedded tissue samples of normal oral mucosa (NOM), 14 samples of oral leukoplakia without dysplasia (OLD-), 11 samples of leukoplakia with dysplasia (OLD+) and 15 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry in tissue arrays. The expression of p16-pRb pathway markers, cyclin D1, maspin and Rb, was more frequent in OLD+ samples than in OSCC samples, although a statistical significance was only observed for maspin (P=0.036). Cyclin D1 expression was also significantly more frequent in OLD-samples vs. NOM samples. For the ARF-p53 pathway, the expression of p53 and MDM2 was significantly more frequent in the OLD-samples compared to in the NOM ones. These findings may indicate a role for cellular senescence in oral carcinogenesis, considering maspin as a reliable senescence marker and prognostic factor in oral premalignant lesions.

http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v14i11/medoralv14i11p583.pdf AbstractObjectives: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching-learning technique centred on the complete development of the student. It has been successfully implemented in several universities, notably in the health sciences. The process of creating the European Higher Education Area, initiated in Bologna, encourages European universities to use new methodologies in the teaching-learning process, including PBL. Our objectives were to analyze the results obtained by using PBL with fifth-year Dentistry students. Study design: Comparison of academic results between students receiving lectures and PBL participants, and assessment of differences between them in the time devoted to tasks by students and teachers. Results: PBL participants obtained higher grades compared to those receiving lectures only(p<0.05). The two student groups devoted the same amount of time to this subject but the time distribution of tasks was very different, with PBL students spending more time on group work and analysis of the literature. The teachers devoted much more time to the PBL group. Conclusions: PBL is a teaching-learning methodology that improves student academic results. PBL diverts student time to more complex tasks but requires a greater commitment from the teachers.

In the short term, the study of this mechanism may yield valuable data for the management of oral cancer and precancer, for which no effective diagnostic or prognostic markers are yet available.

Objectives To determine the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) as an adjunct to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy, relative to standard TMJ arthroscopy, in Wilkes stage‐III and stage‐IV patients. Methods A randomized clinical trial design was utilized (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04110587). 51 patients were allocated to a TMJ arthroscopy (n = 25) or a TMJ arthroscopy plus HA (n = 26) group. Visual analog scale joint pain scores, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and muscle pain were measured at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Disk position on magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. Results No group differences were observed in clinical or radiographic measurements (p ≥ .05). The results do not indicate any benefit of HA as an adjuvant therapy to arthroscopy during follow‐up months 3–12. TMJ arthroscopy improved OHRQoL at 6 and 12 months (Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 questionnaire scores of −14.59 and −14.27, 95% confidence intervals = −17.55 to −11.63 and −17.27 to −11.27) respectively, as well as pain and MMO, at all follow‐up time points (p < .001). Conclusions A beneficial effect of HA injection during TMJ arthroscopy after the 3‐month follow‐up was not observed.

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BackgroundThe clinical and histological characteristics of salivary gland tumors vary widely, complicating their diagnosis and management, and major differences have been recorded in the distribution of histopathological diagnoses among different countries.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the demographic (age, sex) and clinicopathological (pathology diagnosis and localization) characteristics of cases diagnosed with primary SGC between June 1992 and May 2014 in the Pathology Department of the 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid. Diagnoses were recorded according to the 2005 WHO classification.ResultsThe study included 149 SCG patients, aged between 11 and 94 yrs, with mean age at onset of 55.56 yrs and peak incidence in the eighth decade of life. The male:female ratio was 1.01. The parotid gland was the most frequently involved (75.2%). The most frequent carcinoma was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (24.2%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15.4%).ConclusionsThe demographic and histopathological characteristics of patients with salivary gland carcinomas in Spain, reported here for the first time, are broadly similar to those found in other countries. Key words:Salivary gland carcinomas, descriptive, salivary glands, salivary gland tumors, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, Spain.

La mecanobiología ósea se encarga de la interacción entre las señales mecánicas y los mecanismos moleculares en las células del tejido óseo. El proceso de remodelado óseo se ve influenciado por las cargas biomecánicas a diferentes niveles estructurales. En este artículo se revisa la relación entre la carga y la expresión molecular durante el remodelado óseo e intenta describir las diversas teorías que explican la transducción de señales de carga que parecen influir en la transmisión de cargas perimplantarias.