ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio es estimar la eficiencia de las universidades pertenecientes al Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas. El trabajo se basa en la técnica de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) y tiene en cuenta la realidad del sistema universitario chileno. Un modelo DEA con una variable de entrada (gastos operativos) y dos variables de salida (publicaciones ISI y número de estudiantes matriculados) fue desarrollado para evaluar el desempeño de las universidades. Los resultados empíricos indican que 3 de las 25 instituciones son eficientes en el plano de investigación y docencia. Además, estos resultados no revelan diferencias estadísticamente significativas de eficiencia entre las instituciones estatales y las no estatales, como tampoco entre las instituciones con distintos años de acreditación institucional. Palabras clave: universidades chilenas, calidad de la enseñanza, eficiencia, análisis envolvente de datos Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Universities belonging to the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities: Results of a Data Envelopment Analysis AbstractThe objective of this study is to estimate the efficiency of the universities belonging to the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities. The work is based on the technique known as data envelopment analysis (DEA) and takes into account the reality of the Chilean university system. A DEA model with an input variable (operating expenses) and two output variables (ISI publications and number of students enrolled) was developed to evaluate the performance of universities. The empirical results indicate that 3 of the 25 institutions are efficient in terms of research and teaching. Furthermore, these results reveal no statistically significant differences in efficiency between state institutions and non-state institutions or between institutions with different years of institutional accreditation.
ResumenEl presente trabajo analiza y muestra el comportamiento inequitativo del modelo de Aporte Fiscal Directo (AFD), en el área de investigación científica, que el gobierno chileno otorga a las universidades pertenecientes al Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas. Se describe el impacto económico de las publicaciones científicas en el AFD y se determina un valor monetario aproximado de cada publicación, denominado Ingreso Marginal Total (IMT). Además, con el propósito de discutir las implicaciones del modelo AFD como incentivo o desincentivo a la investigación, se analizan los siguientes puntos: (i) el índice de desigualdad de distribución Gini, (ii) la relación entre el IMT y el ranking SCImago, y (iii) la relación entre el IMT la acreditación institucional en investigación. El análisis presentado puede ser de utilidad a las universidades, para, a) auto-control de las unidades, evaluando periódicamente su contribución a los índices de publicaciones, b) desarrollo de políticas de incentivos monetarios por publicación ISI/Scielo, y c) planificación de programas de apoyo a iniciativas científicas. Palabras clave: publicaciones científicas, aporte fiscal directo, índice Gini, ingreso marginal total Disincentive to Research: Result of the Behavioral Inequality of the Direct State Support Model (DSS) to Chilean Universities AbstractThe present work analyzes and shows the behavioral inequality of the Direct State Support (DSS), in the area of scientific research, that the Chilean government grants the universities that belong to the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities. The economic impact of scientific publications on the DSS and an economic value for each publication, called Total Marginal Revenue (TMR) was determined. Also, in order to discuss the implications of the DSS model as an incentive to research activities, the following points are analyzed: (i) Gini distribution index of inequality; (ii) relationship between TMR and SCImago ranking; and (iii) relationship between TMR and institutional accreditation of research activities. The analyzes presented is useful to universities for the following actions: a) self control of academic units, periodically evaluating their contribution to publication impact; b) to develop university policy that incentivizes ISI and Scielo publications; and c) to plan programs to support research activities.
Objective To present the results after balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) in patients with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD) grouped up into: baro-challenge, chronic serous otitis media and adhaesive otitis media. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on patients who underwent BET surgery. As outcome measures, otoscopy, tympanometry, Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) and ability to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre were recorded at baseline and at 3, 12 and 24 months after BET. A p value of 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference for all statistical tests. Results Three hundred and nineteen ears (248 patients) were included with a 3-month follow-up, 272 ears had a 12-month follow-up, and 171 ears had 24-month follow-up. Globally, a statistical significance improvement in all groups in all outcome measures was found. According to BET indication, in the baro-challenge group, there was no improvement in otoscopy, but ETDQ-7, Valsalva manoeuvre and tympanogram improved significantly. In the chronic serous otitis media group, otoscopy, ETDQ-7 and Valsalva manoeuvre were significantly improved in all the three timelines, including the avoidance of a new transtympanic tube after the BET in over 80% of cases. In the adhaesive otitis media group, Valsalva manoeuvre improved significantly, ETDQ-7 decreased and tympanogram improved but not significantly. Few mild complications were reported. Conclusions BET is an effective method for the treatment of OETD in all etiologic groups. The greatest benefit was observed in patients with baro-challenge. A long-term follow-up is recommended since the benefit seems to increase over time.
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