Tunable and enhanced low‐field magnetoresistance (LFMR) is observed in epitaxial (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)0.5:(ZnO)0.5 (LSMO:ZnO) self‐assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films, which have been grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The enhanced LFMR properties of the VAN films reach values as high as 17.5% at 40 K and 30% at 154 K. They can be attributed to the spin‐polarized tunneling across the artificial vertical grain boundaries (GBs) introduced by the secondary ZnO nanocolumns and the enhancement of spin fluctuation depression at the spin‐disordered phase boundary regions. More interestingly, the vertical residual strain and the LFMR peak position of the VAN films can be systematically tuned by changing the deposition frequency. The tunability of the physical properties is associated with the vertical phase boundaries that change as a function of the deposition frequency. The results suggest that the tunable artificial vertical GB and spin‐disordered phase boundary in the unique VAN system with vertical ferromagnetic‐insulating‐ferromagnetic (FM‐I‐FM) structure provides a viable route to manipulate the low‐field magnetotransport properties in VAN films with favorable epitaxial quality.

A thin layer of a vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) structure is deposited between the electrolyte, Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO), and the thin‐film cathode layer, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO), of a thin‐film solid‐oxide fuel cell (TFSOFC). The self‐assembled VAN nanostructure contains highly ordered alternating vertical columns of CGO and LSCO formed through a one‐step thin‐film deposition process that uses pulsed laser deposition. The VAN structure significantly improves the overall performance of the TFSOFC by increasing the interfacial area between the electrolyte and cathode. Low cathode polarization resistances of 9 × 10−4 and 2.39 Ω were measured for the cells with the VAN interlayer at 600 and 400 °C, respectively. Furthermore, anode‐supported single cells with LSCO/CGO VAN interlayer demonstrate maximum power densities of 329, 546, 718, and 812 mW cm−2 at 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C, respectively, with an open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.13 V at 550 °C. The cells with the interlayer triple the overall power output at 650 °C compared to that achieved with the cells without an interlayer. The binary VAN interlayer could also act as a transition layer that improves adhesion and relieves both thermal stress and lattice strain between the cathode and the electrolyte.

Drivers need assistance when navigating an unfamiliar route. In-vehicle navigation systems have improved in recent years due to the technology advances, but are sometimes problematic because of information overload while driving. To address the attentional demands of reading a map while driving, we have developed the maps optimized for vehicular environments (MOVE) in-car navigation display, which provides situationally appropriate navigation information to the driver through optimization of map information.In this paper, we describe the iterative design and evaluation process that shaped the MOVE system. We describe early map reading and navigation studies that led to early designs for our system. We present a study on visual search tasks that refined the renditions used for the system. Finally, we present a study on the effectiveness of several variations of a contextually optimized route map visualization with a desktop steering system.The result of this study shows that MOVE's contextually optimized navigation information can reduce the driver's perceptual load significantly. Our laboratory experiment shows that the total map display fixation time was decreased six-fold, and the number of glances to interpret the map display were decreased about threefold, when comparing the contextually optimized display to a static display. r

In this paper we report epitaxial superconducting FeSe 0.5 Te 0.5 thin films grown on single crystal SrTiO 3 (STO) (100) substrates by a pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique. The films include a single layer grown under vacuum, a single layer grown in controlled oxygen atmosphere and a tri-layer film with a 7 nm thick CeO 2 interlayer. All the films show a similar transition temperature T c ranging from ∼12 K (T onset c ) to ∼10 K (T zero c ), while the CeO 2 nanolayer sample shows a significantly enhanced critical current density under magnetic field. The calculated critical current density of the film with the CeO 2 interlayer is ∼10 5 A cm −2 at 2 K in self-field and 2.8 × 10 4 A cm −2 at 7 T at 2 K. The power-law exponent α value of the sample is determined to be as low as 0.21 at 2 K. Microstructural analysis shows that both the oxygen grown sample and the sample with the CeO 2 nanolayer have uniform nanoclusters in the film matrix. These secondary phases as well as the defects around the interlayer interfaces might be responsible for the enhanced pinning properties.

Background In addition to addiction and substance abuse, motivational interviewing (MI) is increasingly being integrated in treating other clinical issues such as mental health problems. Most of the many technological adaptations of MI, however, have focused on delivering the action-oriented treatment, leaving its relational component unexplored or vaguely described. This study intended to design a conversational sequence that considers both technical and relational components of MI for a mental health concern. Objective This case study aimed to design a conversational sequence for a brief motivational interview to be delivered by a Web-based text messaging application ( chatbot ) and to investigate its conversational experience with graduate students in their coping with stress. Methods A brief conversational sequence was designed with varied combinations of MI skills to follow the 4 processes of MI. A Web-based text messaging application, Bonobot, was built as a research prototype to deliver the sequence in a conversation. A total of 30 full-time graduate students who self-reported stress with regard to their school life were recruited for a survey of demographic information and perceived stress and a semistructured interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by Braun and Clarke’s thematic method. The themes that reflect the process of, impact of, and needs for the conversational experience are reported. Results Participants had a high level of perceived stress (mean 22.5 [SD 5.0]). Our findings included the following themes: Evocative Questions and Clichéd Feedback; Self-Reflection and Potential Consolation; and Need for Information and Contextualized Feedback. Participants particularly favored the relay of evocative questions but were less satisfied with the agent-generated reflective and affirming feedback that filled in-between. Discussing the idea of change was a good means of reflecting on themselves, and some of Bonobot’s encouragements related to graduate school life were appreciated. Participants suggested the conversation provide informational support, as well as more contextualized feedback. Conclusions A conversational sequence for a brief motivational interview was presented in this case study. Participant feedback suggests sequencing questions and MI-adherent statements can facilitate a conversation for stress management, which may encourage a chance of self-reflection. More diversified sequences, along with more contextualized feedback, should follow to offer a better conversational experience and to confirm any empirical effect.

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