A novel end-group crosslinked anion exchange membrane showed the connecting ionic-clustered morphology that improved electrochemical performances and durability for alkaline fuel cell operation.
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NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur.
NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=8d7de2db-497c-4114-a4b2-c67045bf8c68 http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=8d7de2db-497c-4114-a4b2-c67045bf8c68 We compared experimental and simulated data to investigate the phase separation and water channel formation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell. Sulfonated block copolyimides (SPIs) were adopted as model polymers for experiments and simulations, and Nafion was used as a reference. Nafion and SPIs were observed to have different microscopic structures such as constituent atoms, backbone rigidity, and the locations of sulfonic acid groups, all of which significantly affect phenomenological properties at the macroscopic level such as density, water uptake, and proton conductivity. In particular, SPIs show much weaker microphase separation than Nafion, mainly due to the lower mobility of sulfonic acid groups and the existence of acceptable sites for hydrogen bonding even in hydrophobic segments, which impedes water channel formation for proton transport. As a result, the phase separation behavior and the resulting water channel formation are the major factors affecting macroscopic properties of PEMs such as water uptake and proton transport.
Phase Separation and Water Channel Formation in Sulfonated Block
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NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.053 Science, 441, pp. 148-157, 2013-04-10 Polyethylene-based radiation grafted anion-exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells Sherazi, Tauqir A.; Sohn, Joon Yong; Lee, Young Moo; Guiver, Michael D.
Journal of Membrane
AbstractVinyl benzyl chloride was grafted onto ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder (UHMWPE) by radiation grafting. The grafted powder was subsequently fabricated into membrane by melt pressing. The effect of absorbed radiation dose on the degree of grafting (DG) is discussed. The melt-flow properties of PVBC grafted PE with low degree of grafting was conducive to forming homogeneous pore-free membranes, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis. The grafted polyethylene membranes were post functionalized with trimethylamine, followed by alkalization to obtain anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). The structures of the resulting AEMs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed that the grafted membranes were successfully functionalized. The properties of the AEMs, including ion exchange capacity, water uptake, in-plane swelling, methanol uptake, methanol permeability, and hydroxide ion conductivity were investigated. The AEMs showed reasonably good chemical stability, as evidenced by the ion exchange capacity being maintained for a long duration, even in highly alkaline conditions. The membranes exhibited a maximum ionic conductivity of 47.5 mS cm −1 at 90 °C (30 mS cm -1 at 60 °C).Methanol permeability was found to be in the order of 10 −8 cm 2 s -1 , which is considerably lower than that of Nafion ® . The membranes have useful properties consistent with anion exchange membranes suitable for alkaline fuel cells.
Crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes were prepared by the radiation crosslinking of SPEEK with various crosslinker contents. The prepared membranes were subjected to a comparative study of proton exchange membranes (PEM) for fuel cell applications. The crosslinked SPEEK membranes were characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyattenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 1 H NMR and FTIR-ATR confirmed the sulfonation and crosslinking of the membranes. DMA indicated that the ionic modulus and cluster T g increased with decreasing crosslinker content. This suggests that the amount of clustering in the crosslinked membrane could be reduced by increasing the crosslinker content. SAXS data showed that the crosslinker did not affect the ionic domain morphology in the membranes. The proton conductivity of all the membranes was > 10 -2 S/cm. The overall findings suggest that the crosslinked SPEEK membranes offer the possibility for improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), provided membranes with thermal and hydration stability.
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