This study was to improve to utilization of non dosimetry measurements for X-ray radiography. Experiments was passed off varying the X-ray tube voltage and the thickness of the aluminum filter by actual dose. Calculated results was set to the first beam quality factors, calculated first correction coefficient by the Microsoft Excel program was set as the second beam quality factors. To make the non dosimetry measurements simply, the Excel program apply to the new beam quality factors, the error was compared to the previous studies, and the results verify the calculated value of smaller errors.
The purpose of this study is to monitor the current adverse reactions in administering CT contrast agents at general hospitals and also to suggest the practical guidelines to minimize the risk and to show the successful patient management. At four Dajeon city general hospitals, the contrast agents were administered in 646,828 cases and the overall prevalence of adverse reactions was 4,110 cases from January 2010 to December 2013.However, we excluded the two hospitals' 3,658 cases because the patients' data was inadequate. Consequently, the case surveys on the rest of 452 cases have been studied and submitted. After comparing the patients with a control group, we evaluated that the key factors of the adverse reactions were the gender and age difference of the patients, the examination period, the examination method, the quantity and administrating speed of the contrast agents. Even though the four general hospitals have their own management systems on adverse reactions, but their systems were not satisfying. To improve the quality of the management systems and to investigate further cases, some hospital administration procedures on the subject should be systemized and general hospitals should follow the recommended procedures. Moreover, the existing three-year-term evaluation should not only judge the adverse reaction management but also conclude some details on the sub criteria of the evaluation. The details on the sub criteria include the contrast agent characters, the quantity and administrating speed of the drug, the incidents' occurred time, an anamnesis; a case history, the medical history of the patients and the reaction occurring body parts, and the examination title. The details of the medical examiners are also added to the sub criteria.
This study analyzed the total number of 19,636 patients and radiation technologists, 11,433 of male and 8,203 of female by examined body parts, age, types of detectors, the using contrast enhancement and working condition of the technologists, regular staffs or rotation-duty staffs, based on the K-DOS program distributed by FDA with the DLP value of diagnostic evaluation. The result shows that the effective radiation dose was 0.7mSv~41.7mSv for each region and male patients had more radiation exposure than females. And the amount of exposure was also affected by the types and the method of detectors. Furthermore, the regular staffs took the role of helping the patient to get reduced amount of radiation exposure than rotation duty-staffs. Computed tomography (CT) use has increased dramatically over the past several decades. In this reason, to support the patients and the workers' health in the field, the hospitals should apply specialized regular working radiation technologist system and manufacturing companies of those CTs should develop low medical radiation exposure devices.
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