Other parent zeolites were found to be amenable, to a greater or lesser degree, to conversion into their galliated forms by straightforward exposure to solutions of NaGa02. We have also found that some highly siliceous porotectosilicates can be aluminated by treatment with aqueous solutions of NaA102. A novel feature of this work is that an inactive zeolite can be converted into a very active and highly selective one in a more or less controllable fashion by a simple method of inserting heteroatoms.We acknowledge with gratitude support from the Chinese and British Governments (in the form of O.R.S. and Vice-Chancellor's Bursary to Xin-Sheng Liu). We also thank Drs. J. Klinowski and W. J. Ball for experimental assistance and stimulating discussion.
Abstract-This paper investigated comparatively the characteristics of four types of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface, including a mushroom-like (electromagnetic band gap) EBG, uniplanar compact EBG (UC-EBG), Peano curve, and Hilbert curve, as a ground plane for a low-profile antenna. The AMC surface structures are designed to have an in-phase reflection property for a plane wave of normal incidence in the vicinity of 2.45 GHz. The bandwidths of the in-phase reflection for the AMC surfaces and return losses, radiation patterns, and gains of the horizontal wire antennas on the AMC ground planes are all measured and compared with each other. The measured data show that all the AMC surfaces act as good ground planes for a lowprofile antenna, yet the bandwidth and gain of the mushroom-like EBG structure are broader and larger, respectively, than those of the other structures.
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