Background: Glufosinate ammonium (Basta®) was developed in Japan in 1994 and was introduced to Korea as a non-selective herbicide. Recently, there is increasing concern about the glufosinate ammonium (GLA) intoxication. Case Report: We report a bilateral basal ganglia lesion that developed after Basta® ingestion. Hippocampal cytotoxic edema is usually encountered after GLA intoxication because profound hypotension or prolonged generalized tonic clonic seizures are usually accompanied. However, profound hypotensive episode or elevated creatine kinase was not observed during the hospital admission. After conservative ventilator support and antibiotic care for aspiration pneumonia, the patient was discharged to a chronic care facility. Conclusion: Bilateral striatal lesion except hippocampal involvement is one of the features of GLA intoxication. Toxic properties for GLA and other additives in Basta® should be thoroughly investigated.
Though obesity is generally associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, previous reports have also reported that obesity has a beneficial effect on CVD outcomes. We aimed to verify the existing obesity paradox through binary logistic regression (BLR) and clarify the paradox via association rule mining (ARM). Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were assessed for their 3-month functional outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Predictors for poor outcome (mRS 3–6) were analyzed through BLR, and ARM was performed to find out which combination of risk factors was concurrently associated with good outcomes using maximal support, confidence, and lift values. Among 2580 patients with AIS, being obese (OR [odds ratio], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.99) had beneficial effects on the outcome at 3 months in BLR analysis. In addition, the ARM algorithm showed obese patients with good outcomes were also associated with an age less than 55 years and mild stroke severity. While BLR analysis showed a beneficial effect of obesity on stroke outcome, in ARM analysis, obese patients had a relatively good combination of risk factor profiles compared to normal BMI patients. These results may partially explain the obesity paradox phenomenon in AIS patients.
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