Malaria has been reported to be a high bio burden disease in sub-Sahara African Countries. About 50% has been associated with at least one episode of malaria while children were reported with two or four episodes. This study reports the prevalence of malaria and susceptibility pattern of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients visiting Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Nigeria to reportedly prescribed antimalarial agents in Bauchi. Information on malaria patients and antimalarial drugs prescribed to the patients were collected and documented. In vitro antimalarial susceptibility assay was carried out using in vitro micro test. The average malaria prevalence of 22.78% was reported from January 2015 to December 2017. The survey also revealed that more female patients recorded the highest incidence of malaria to male patients. Four antimalarial drugs were reported to be routinely prescribed in the Health facility from 2015 to 2017: viz ACT (Artemisnin based Combined Therapies) 88.06%; Artesunate 10.29%; while Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Quinine were 3.96% and 0.99% respectively. The pattern of Plasmodium falciparum isolates resistant to test antimalarial drugs were Chloroquine 27.06% > (Artemether-Lumefantrine) 18.82% > Artemether 14.12% > Quinine 4.71%. With the increasing pressure on the usage or prescription of ACTs in malaria treatment, the development of high level of resistance to ACTs is now a high probability.
Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The disease is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and it is transmitted from the blood of an infected person to a healthy human by the bites of a female anopheles mosquito, through blood transmission, organ transplant or via shared use of needles or syringes that are contaminated with blood or congenitally from a mother to her foetus before or during delivery. 1,2 Human malaria is caused by five species of Plasmodium namely: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and recently in some parts of Southern Asia by
Malaria burden has been reported to be wide spread worldwide. The level of Plasmodium species resistance to recommended antimalarial drugs has also been reported to be on the increase. Thus It is necessary to monitor antimalarial drugs' efficacy and the intensity of malaria in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the incidence of malaria and the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia to reported prescribed Antimalarials in Lafia. A retrospective study was carried out to know the pattern of antimalarial drug prescriptions, age and gender of malaria patients for 2014, 2015 and 2016. The antimalarial susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum was also carried out by the method used by Peletiri et al., 2012. The observed Malaria prevalence was 5.9%, 4.4% and 4.8% for 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. The incidences of malaria among different age groups were 19.07%, 15.86%, and 44.30% for 0-5 years, 6-18 years and 19 years above respectively. Malaria was observed higher in females 58.2%, than male 41.1%. Antimalarial drug prescription was basically Artemisinin combination therapy 88.67%. Out of the 91 Plasmodium falciparum isolates evaluated, 32 (35.16%) were resistant to piperaquine, 26 (28.57%) were resistant to artesunate, 25 (27.00%) were resistant to chloroquine, 16 (17.58%) were resistant to Lumefantrine and 10 (10.99%) were resistant to artemether. This study gives current information on the incidence of reported malaria and antimalarial susceptibility pattern of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates in Lafia Nigeria.
Despite concerted efforts to eradicate malaria, it is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases in the tropics due largely to emergence and widespread P. falciparum drug resistance. This research investigated the in vitro antimalarial susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients attending Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized in vitro micro-test system. Foremost, the records of reported malaria cases in the hospital were collated for the prevalence of malaria and the frequency of commonly prescribed antimalarial drugs were ascertained. A total of 7936 persons comprising of 3659 males (46.11%) and 4277 females (53.89%), were reportedly infected with malaria parasite from January 2013 to December 2014 in the hospital studied. Blood samples were collected from 131 volunteered patients. Of these samples, 114 (87.02%) had malaria parasites, with 108 (94.74%) samples positive for P. falciparum. Of 88 P. falciparum isolates used for in vitro antimalarial susceptibility test, 33 (37.50%), 27 (30.68%), 22 (25.00%), 22 (25.00%), and 22 (25.00%) were resistant to chloroquine, artemether, amodiaquine, artesunate, and lumefantrine respectively. This study showed the presence of resistant P. falciparum in the study area. Adoption of efficient intervention strategies is warranted in order to curb increase in antimalarial drug resistance.Keywords: Samples, parasite, resistance, study, positive, prescribed.
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