Malaria prevalence and In vitro susceptibility of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> isolates to selected antimalarial agents in Bauchi, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria has been reported to be a high bio burden disease in sub-Sahara African Countries. About 50% has been associated with at least one episode of malaria while children were reported with two or four episodes. This study reports the prevalence of malaria and susceptibility pattern of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients visiting Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Nigeria to reportedly prescribed antimalarial agents in Bauchi. Information on malaria patients and antimalarial drugs prescribed to the patients were collected and documented. In vitro antimalarial susceptibility assay was carried out using in vitro micro test. The average malaria prevalence of 22.78% was reported from January 2015 to December 2017. The survey also revealed that more female patients recorded the highest incidence of malaria to male patients. Four antimalarial drugs were reported to be routinely prescribed in the Health facility from 2015 to 2017: viz ACT (Artemisnin based Combined Therapies) 88.06%; Artesunate 10.29%; while Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Quinine were 3.96% and 0.99% respectively. The pattern of Plasmodium falciparum isolates resistant to test antimalarial drugs were Chloroquine 27.06% > (Artemether-Lumefantrine) 18.82% > Artemether 14.12% > Quinine 4.71%. With the increasing pressure on the usage or prescription of ACTs in malaria treatment, the development of high level of resistance to ACTs is now a high probability.

Bioactive secondary metabolites from the leaves of <I>Secamone africana</I> (Olive.) Bullock

“…Malaria is one of the leading causes of infections and deaths recording 455,000 deaths in 2017 worldwide with most deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2018). The increasing prevalence of resistant strains of plasmodium and difficulties to access and buy effective antimalarial are the major factors responsible for the increasing mortality rates that occur mainly in Africa (Atang et al 2019). Hence the need to use medicinal plants as complementary and alternative medicine for malaria treatment.…”

<I>In vitro</I> antimalarial susceptibility of <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> isolates from patients in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

“…Umar et al (2017), similarly, reported 38.0% of P. falciparum isolates to be resistant to artemether in Kaduna, Nigeria. Another research conducted in Bauchi, North-eastern Nigeria by Atang et al (2019) also reported 14.12% resistance of P. falciparum to artemether. Artemisinin derivatives were generally reported to be very active against malaria parasites until some few years ago when P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin was detected in five countries of the Greater Mekong sub-region namely Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (WHO, 2016).…”

Placental Malaria and Its Relationship with Neonatal Birth Weight among Primigravidae: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

“…The higher prevalence noted by Ezebialu in Nnewi may represent environmental differences in the study populations, as previous studies in Nnewi and Bauchi noted a higher prevalence of malaria in Nnewi than in Bauchi, both in Nigeria. 27, 28 Plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in the placentae of the primigravidae. This finding is consistent with the findings of studies by Ezebialu et al 16 and Fehintola et al, 19 who used placental tissue histology and microscopy of placental blood, respectively.…”