Elucidating the effects of crystallization‐induced blue‐shift emission of a newly synthesized di‐boron complex (DBC) by enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in the annihilation pathway was realized for the first time. The 57 nm blue‐shift and great enhancement in the crystalline lattice relative to the DBC solution were attributed to the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) and confirmed by PL imaging, X‐ray diffraction, as well as DFT calculations. It was discovered that ECL at crystalline film/solution interfaces can be further enhanced by means of both co‐reactant route and RIR. The RIR contributions with co‐reactant increased ECL up to 5 times more. Very interestingly, the co‐reactant system was found to give off a red‐shifted light emission. Mechanistic studies reveal that a difference between location of the ECL in the co‐reactant route and that in the annihilation pathway leads to an alternative emission wavelength.

Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This work focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K2CsSb. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K2CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were manufactured from citric acid and urea in a gram-scale synthesis with a controlled size range between 1. 5 and 23.8 nm. The size control was realized by varying volume of the precursor solution in a hydrothermal synthesis method. The prepared CQDs were investigated using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) spectroscopy at interfaces of their electrode films and electrolyte solution containing coreactants rather than conventional optoelectronic tests, providing an in-depth analysis of light-emission mechanisms of the so-called half-cells. ECL from the CQD films with TPrA and K 2 S 2 O 8 as coreactants provided information on the stability of the CQD radicals in the films. It was discovered that CQD •− has a powerful electron donating nature to sulfate radical to generate ECL at a relative efficiency of 96% to the Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 /K 2 S 2 O 8 coreactant system, indicating a strong performance in light emitting applications. The smaller the CQD particle sizes, the higher the ECL efficiency of the film interface, most likely due to the increased presence of surface states per mass of CQDs. Spooling ECL spectroscopy of the system revealed a potential-dependent light emission starting from a deep red color to blue-shifted intensity maximum, cool bright white emission with a correlated color temperature of 3,200 K. This color temperature is appropriate for most indoor lighting applications. The above ECL results provide information on the performance of CQD light emitters in films, permitting preliminary screening for light emitting candidates in optoelectronic applications. This screening has revealed CQD films as a powerful and cost-effective light emitting layer toward lighting devices for indoor applications.

Artificial lighting sourcesa re one of the most important technological developments for our modernl ives; the search for cost-effective and efficient luminophores is therefore crucial to as ustainable future. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials that exhibit exceptional optical and electronicp roperties, making them a prime candidate for al uminophore in al ight-emitting device. Nitrogen-doped GQDs fabricated from af acile topdown electrochemical exfoliationp rocess with an itrogen-containing electrolyte in this report showed strongp hotoluminescent emission at 450 nm, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence at 660 nm in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as ac oreactant. When introduced into solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells, for the first time, the GQDs displayed ab road white emission centered at 610 nm, corresponding to Commision Internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates of (0.38, 0.36).

Crystallization‐induced emission enhancement (CIEE) was demonstrated for the first time for electrochemilunimescence (ECL) with two new benzosiloles. Compared with their solution, the films of the two benzosiloles gave CIEE of 24 and 16 times. The mechanism of the CIEE‐ECL was examined by spooling ECL spectroscopy, X‐ray crystal structure analysis, photoluminescence, and DFT calculations. This CIEE‐ECL system is a complement to the well‐established aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) systems. Unique intermolecular interactions are noted in the crystalline chromophore. The first heterogeneous ECL system is established for organic compounds with highly hydrophobic properties.

Bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes are the best known sources of electrons for high current and/or high bunch charge applications like Energy Recovery Linacs or Free Electron Lasers.Despite their high quantum efficiency in visible light and low intrinsic emittance, the surface roughness of these photocathodes prohibits their use as low emittance cathodes in high accelerating gradient superconducting and normal conducting radio frequency photoguns and limits the minimum possible intrinsic emittance near the threshold. Also, the growth process for these materials is largely based on recipes obtained by trial and error and is very unreliable. In this paper, using X-ray diffraction, we investigate the different structural and chemical changes that take place during the growth process of the bi-alkali antimonide material K 2 CsSb.Our measurements give us a deeper understanding of the growth process of alkaliantimonide photocathodes allowing us to optimize it with the goal of minimizing the surface roughness to preserve the intrinsic emittance at high electric fields and increasing its reproducibility.

To fine-tune structure-property correlations of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters through postassembly surface modifications, we report the synthesis of the o, m, and p regioisomeric forms of the anionic azide-functionalized [Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 -C 6 H 4 -N 3 ) 18 ] 1À platform. They can undergo cluster-surface strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CS-SPAAC) chemistry with complementary strained-alkynes. Although their optical properties are similar, the electrochemical properties appear to correlate with the position of the azido group. The ability to conduct CS-SPAAC chemistry without altering the parent nanocluster structure is different as the isomeric form of the surface ligand is changed, with the [Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 -p-C 6 H 4 -N 3 ) 18 ] 1À isomer having the highest reaction rates, while the [Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 -o-C 6 H 4 -N 3 ) 18 ] 1À isomer is not stable following CS-SPAAC. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction provide the molecular structure of the neutral forms of the three regioisomeric clusters, [Au 25 (SCH 2 CH 2 -o/m/p-C 6 H 4 -N 3 ] 0 , which illustrates correlated structural features of the central core as the position of the azido moiety is changed.

Elucidating the effects of crystallization‐induced blue‐shift emission of a newly synthesized di‐boron complex (DBC) by enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in the annihilation pathway was realized for the first time. The 57 nm blue‐shift and great enhancement in the crystalline lattice relative to the DBC solution were attributed to the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) and confirmed by PL imaging, X‐ray diffraction, as well as DFT calculations. It was discovered that ECL at crystalline film/solution interfaces can be further enhanced by means of both co‐reactant route and RIR. The RIR contributions with co‐reactant increased ECL up to 5 times more. Very interestingly, the co‐reactant system was found to give off a red‐shifted light emission. Mechanistic studies reveal that a difference between location of the ECL in the co‐reactant route and that in the annihilation pathway leads to an alternative emission wavelength.