Crystallization‐induced emission enhancement (CIEE) was demonstrated for the first time for electrochemilunimescence (ECL) with two new benzosiloles. Compared with their solution, the films of the two benzosiloles gave CIEE of 24 and 16 times. The mechanism of the CIEE‐ECL was examined by spooling ECL spectroscopy, X‐ray crystal structure analysis, photoluminescence, and DFT calculations. This CIEE‐ECL system is a complement to the well‐established aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) systems. Unique intermolecular interactions are noted in the crystalline chromophore. The first heterogeneous ECL system is established for organic compounds with highly hydrophobic properties.

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Cycloadditions of strained carbocycles promoted by Lewis acids are powerful methods to construct heterocyclic frameworks. In fact, the formal [3+2] cycloadditions of donor-acceptor (DA) cyclopropanes with nitriles has seen particular success in synthesis. In this work, we report on the first [4+2] cycloaddition of nitriles with DA cyclobutanes via Lewis acid activation. Tetrahydropyridine derivatives were obtained in up to 91% yield from various aryl activated cyclobutane diesters and aliphatic or aromatic nitriles.

Objectives:In this study, a adjusted sewage & wastewater treatment capacity-required area estimation methodology was proposed through various data analysis for the required area of domestic sewage & wastewater treatment, the occupancy ratio of each sub-facility, and the treatment processing method. In addition, the reduction rate of the required area according to the application of the adjustment methodology presented in this study was evaluated quantitatively by comparing the actual area with the expected area.Methods:Statistical analysis was performed by collecting 654 data of more than 500 m³/day of treatment capacity in domestic sewage & wastewater treatment facilities. The 33 sewage & wastewater treatment facilities constructed by the LH sample groups were divided into functional areas and analyzed for occupancy rates by each facility.Results and Discussion:A capacity-required area regression model was developed for the collected each samples. As a result, the distributions of the regression model were divided into two clusters according to the analysis sample differences. It was analyzed that the estimated required area using the local government sample group was estimated to be relatively higher than the LH sample group. In this study, a adjusted capacity-required area model based on regression model derived from LH sample was proposed by considering green site ratio and treatment processing methods in sewage & wastewater treatment plant. The results are as follows: A = 15.638×Q^0.7414×<i>α</i>×<i>β</i> (<i>α</i>: conversion factor for green site ratio, <i>β</i>: conversion factor for treatment processing method). Conclusions:Recently, the wastewater treatment facilities have been in decentralization and small scale, and the introduction of the advanced treatment method that requires a relatively small area such as MBR or SBR has been accelerating. Consequently, it could be expected that the methodology proposed in this study will save about 50~60% of the required area for wastewater treatment facilities.

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Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a genetically inherited disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and severe early onset periodontitis. Oral symptoms begin to appear when primary teeth are in the process of erupting. A defect in the cathepsin C gene causes a dysfunction of the immune response occurring 1 to 3 times in 1 million births. Varying degrees of severity have been reported, ranging from complete edentulism at a young age to complete retention of teeth with a good prognosis. Early intervention and proper treatment has been shown to improve prognosis. The pathogenesis of PLS is not clearly defined and has been associated with microbiologic, immunologic and genetic factors. Treatment includes conventional periodontal therapies, strict recall and maintenance, as well as antibiotics, metronidazole and chlorhexidine prescriptions as needed. Concurrently, patients are typically under the care of a dermatologist and taking retinoid medications to control their skin condition. This case report discusses the ongoing care of a patient who first presented to NYU College of Dentistry in the pediatric clinic at age 4. It is suggested that periodontal treatment initiated early in life may significantly change the prognosis for the better. How to cite this article Congiusta MA, Koo D, Penugonda B, Goren AD, Kamer AR. Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):66-69.

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