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Model-driven development, using languages such as UML and BON, often makes use of multiple diagrams (e.g., class and sequence diagrams) when modeling systems. These diagrams, presenting different views of a system of interest, may be inconsistent. A metamodel provides a unifying framework in which to ensure and check consistency, while at the same time providing the means to distinguish between valid and invalid models, that is, conformance. Two formal specifications of the metamodel for an object-oriented modeling language are presented, and it is shown how to use these specifications for model conformance and multiview consistency checking. Comparisons are made in terms of completeness and the level of automation each provide for checking multiview consistency and model conformance. The lessons learned from applying formal techniques to the problems of metamodeling, model conformance, and multiview consistency checking are summarized.

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Safety critical computers increasingly a ect nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers control the planes we y on, monitor our health in hospitals and do our work in hazardous environments. Computers with software de ciencies that fail to meet stringent timing constraints have resulted in catastrophic failures. This paper surveys formal methods for specifying, designing and verifying real-time systems, so as to improve their safety and reliability.

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