Previously, an innovative way to reduce rear interface recombination in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGSSe) solar cells has been successfully developed. In this work, this concept is established in Cu 2 (Zn,Sn)(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) cells to demonstrate its potential for other thin-film technologies. Therefore, ultrathin CZTS cells with an Al 2 O 3 rear surface passivation layer having nanosized point openings are fabricated. The results indicate that introducing such a passivation layer can have a positive impact on open-circuit voltage (V O C ; +17%rel.), short-circuit current (J S C ; +5%rel.), and fill factor (FF; +9%rel.), compared with corresponding unpassivated cells. Hence, a promising efficiency improvement of 32%rel. is obtained for the rear passivated cells.

This contribution studies the impact of the KF-induced Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGSe) absorber modification

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An optimized test structure to study rear surface passivation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells by means of photoluminescence (PL) is developed and tested. The structure – illustrated in the abstract figure – is examined from the rear side. To enable such rear PL assessment, a semi‐transparent ultra‐thin Mo layer has been developed and integrated in place of the normal rear contact. The main advantages of this approach are (i) a simplified representation of a rear surface passivated CIGS solar cell is possible, (ii) it is possible to assess PL responses originating close to the probed rear surface, and (iii) a stable PL response as a function of air exposure time is obtained. In this work, PL measurements of such structures with and without rear surface passivation layers have been compared, and the measured improvement in PL intensity for the passivated structures is associated with enhanced CIGS rear interface properties. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) bright field cross‐section image of the rear illuminated test structure fabricated for PL characterization. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Previously, an innovative way to reduce rear interface recombination in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGSSe) solar cells has been successfully developed. In this work, this concept is established in Cu 2 (Zn,Sn)(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) cells to demonstrate its potential for other thin-film technologies. Therefore, ultrathin CZTS cells with an Al 2 O 3 rear surface passivation layer having nanosized point openings are fabricated. The results indicate that introducing such a passivation layer can have a positive impact on open-circuit voltage (V O C ; +17%rel.), short-circuit current (J S C ; +5%rel.), and fill factor (FF; +9%rel.), compared with corresponding unpassivated cells. Hence, a promising efficiency improvement of 32%rel. is obtained for the rear passivated cells.

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The origins of the Jewish National and University Library go back to 1892, more than 50 years before the State of Israel was born. It survived as a small public library in Jerusalem with national pretensions until 1920, when it was taken over by the Zionist Organization and assumed a further role as the library of the newly founded Hebrew University. In 1930 it moved to its new building in the HU campus on Mount Scopus, and in 1960, after 12 years of exile, it settled down in its present building in Giv'at Ram. Its function as a central library for the university has changed following automation and networking of the HU library system. The library collects all publications printed in Israel or about it; all works related to history and culture of the Jewish people as well as all works in Jewish languages or Hebrew script; and works in other fields, mainly the humanities, for general research. It is entitled by law to two depository copies of all Israeli printed publications, while obligation to deliver non-print material still awaits enactment. Its holdings of some 3,000,000 volumes of printed material (i.e. excluding maps, manuscripts, archives, sound recordings and more) include 500,000 bibliographical units of Hebrew/Israeli/Jewish works. Current and retrospective microfilming projects comprise Israeli and Jewish press, Hebrew manuscripts, and more. Digitization of special items has started. Cataloguing was automated in the early 1980s, but retrospective conversion is still going on. Publications include the current national bibliography and a current index to articles in Jewish studies.