Knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear screening in a sample population in Makurdi metropolis was assessed using a survey design. Five hundred and seventy-four (574) participants aged 18-60 years, who were accidentally/conveniently sampled in the town, took part in the study. Of this number, 48.3% (N = 277) were males, and 51.7% (N = 297) were females and from diverse occupations. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, the knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening Scale (KCPS) with ten items. Results reveal that participants have limited knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening with 35.3% (N = 203) having knowledge, while 64.7% (N = 371) having limited knowledge. No statistical significant difference in the knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening between older and younger participants t (553) = -1.69; P > 0.05, Single and Married participants t (562) = -0.97; P > 0.05, low and high levels of education t (564) = -1.83; P > 0.05 was found. Surprisingly, males (mean = 33.55) significantly had more knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening than females (mean = 32.26) t (572) = 2.03; P < 0.05 and other participants had better knowledge than health workers t (572) = -2.43; P < 0.05. Enlightenment campaigns, Magazines and News papers, Television, Radio, Friends and Schools were some of the sources participants acquired knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening. It is obvious that knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening is limited among the population in Makurdi metropolis, therefore a need to intensify enlightenments and awareness campaigns targeted at all groups of people is imperative.
This study assessed psychological factors associated with chronic pain patients at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey where 195 patients (118 males and 77 females) were selected for the study through a simple random sampling method. Their ages ranged from 17-64 years with the mean of (28). Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y-1 and Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between personality and pain and independent ttest to test the differences between the groups. The results showed a significant difference in depression between male and female patients experiencing pain (t df(193) = 2.37; p < .05). No significant difference was however observed between medical and surgical patients on anxiety (t df(193)=-.42, p> .05). Also, there was a significant negative relationship between Open personality trait and pain (r df(143) =-.16, p < .05). Based on these findings, it was recommended that Psychologists should be included in the treatment team for the effective management of chronic pain and that further research in the study area should be conducted using larger sample.
This study examined the implication of the mother's depression on educational development of the internally displaced children in four states in Nigeria. Correlational survey method was used to randomly sample 959 women and 706 children who were seeking refuge at IDP camps located in each of the four states participated in the study. Zung Depression Self-Rating Scale (1965) and numerical, verbal and visual reasoning tests developed by Bareet (2004) were used to measure mother's depression and educational development of the children respectively. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship among the variables of study. Results show that, there was a negative correlation between the age of the mothers and sex of the children; a negative relationship existed between the age of the mother and their educational background; it further revealed that positive relationships were found between the mothers' depression and educational background of the children; sex of the children correlated negatively and significantly with the mothers' depression and, mothers' depression was significantly related to numerical, verbal and visual reasoning tests. The study concluded that displacement has a capacity to provoke fear, helplessness, depression or awfulness in response to the threat of injury, molestation or death and affecting the fundamental care for the children educationally by their mothers.
The cognitive progression of displaced children has suffered major setback in Nigeria in recent time as a result of boko haram insurgency, Fulani herdsmen militia and communal clashes. Therefore, this study examines the cognitive reasoning of the children of primary and secondary school ages that are currently seeking refuge at internally displaced camps in North-Central, Nigeria. 1,222 internally displaced children were assessed using visual, numerical and verbal reasoning analysis tests respectively, developed by Barrett (2004). Of the total number of participants, 29.8% responded correctly to numerical reasoning tests, 15.6% answered correctly the verbal reasoning tests and 31.7% responded to visual analysis tests. The result showed that majority of the children could not respond correctly to reasoning and analysis tests. The study concludes that children are worst vulnerable to current ongoing displacement in the country and this has resulted into downfall in the educational system and cognitive improvement of the children. It is therefore recommended that quick response to IDP children in the area of education should not be ignored or neglected in case of displacement of any type by government, philanthropists and non-governmental organizations.
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