Knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear screening in a sample population in Makurdi metropolis was assessed using a survey design. Five hundred and seventy-four (574) participants aged 18-60 years, who were accidentally/conveniently sampled in the town, took part in the study. Of this number, 48.3% (N = 277) were males, and 51.7% (N = 297) were females and from diverse occupations. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, the knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening Scale (KCPS) with ten items. Results reveal that participants have limited knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening with 35.3% (N = 203) having knowledge, while 64.7% (N = 371) having limited knowledge. No statistical significant difference in the knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening between older and younger participants t (553) = -1.69; P > 0.05, Single and Married participants t (562) = -0.97; P > 0.05, low and high levels of education t (564) = -1.83; P > 0.05 was found. Surprisingly, males (mean = 33.55) significantly had more knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening than females (mean = 32.26) t (572) = 2.03; P < 0.05 and other participants had better knowledge than health workers t (572) = -2.43; P < 0.05. Enlightenment campaigns, Magazines and News papers, Television, Radio, Friends and Schools were some of the sources participants acquired knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening. It is obvious that knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap Smear Screening is limited among the population in Makurdi metropolis, therefore a need to intensify enlightenments and awareness campaigns targeted at all groups of people is imperative.
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