Two types of single-parent households and their effects on children ages 3-11 years were compared. One type comprised 50 homosexual mothers and their 56 children, and the other was a group of 40 heterosexual mothers and their 48 children. There were 30 daughters and 26 sons of homosexual mothers and 28 daughters and 20 sons of heterosexual mothers. The sexual identity and social relationships of the children were assessed in relation to the sexual orientation of the mothers. The samples consisted of families from rural and urban areas in 10 American states. All have lived without adult males (18 years or older) in the household for a minimum of 2 years (average 4). Families with heterosexual mothers were matched to families with homosexual mothers on age and race of mother; length of mother and child separation from father; educational level and income of mother; and number, age, and sex of children. Data are reported from childrens' tests designed to provide information on general intelligence, core-morphologic sexual identity, gender-role preferences, family and peer group relationships, and adjustment to the single-parent family. No significant differences were found between the two types of households for boys and few significant differences for girls. Concerns that being raised by a homosexual mother might produce sexual identity conflict and peer group stigmatization were not supported by the research findings. Data also revealed more similarities than differences in parenting experiences, marital history, and present living situations of the two groups of mothers. The postulated compromised parental fitness of lesbian mothers, commonly asserted in child custody cases, is not supported by these data.

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Intentionally or not, audience research often equals fan research, as anti-fans and non-fans are ignored or assumed. However, televisual anti-fandom and non-fandom involve different viewing practices, different proximities from the text and, thus, different textualities. This article therefore argues for the necessity of more research into anti-fans and non-fans, proposing that such research will shed further light on the nature of televisual textuality and on the role of media talk and intertextuality in forming it. The text remains a mysterious figure in media and cultural studies, and this article aims to bring us closer to understanding it. First, fan research and its own implicit assumptions of relations between text and audience are discussed; then, an `atomic' model of textuality is presented, accounting for fans, anti-fans and non-fans; and, finally, a method for studying new audiences and textualities is offered.

Soil analyses and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating are combined and a conceptual model proposed to explain altitudinal weathering contrasts in high-latitude highlands. We show that summits in the Torngat and Kaumajet mountains were covered by ice during the Last Glacial Maximum, and that their felsenmeer cover probably survived multiple glaciation events. For similar lithologies, soils on felsenmeer covered summits are signigicantly more weathered than those below the felsenmeer limit, displaying higher concentrations of crystalline iron, amorphous aluminium, and silicium extracted with oxalate. Secondary minerals such as gibbsite and kaolinite occur in felsenmeer soils, whereas those formed in till lacked these secondary minerals. 10 Be and 26 Al exposure ages for nine of ten samples, from high-elevation tors and autochthonous felsenmeer blocks, range from 73 ± 6 to 157 ± 15 ka. By contrast, ages of 11.4 ± 1.0 and 11.7 ± 1.0 ka are measured for bedrock in the much lower Saglek zone, indicating extensive (>3 m) glacial erosion of this zone during Late Wisconsinan glaciation. 26 Al/ 10 Be ratios demonstrate that exposure of the high-elevation surfaces was interrupted during at least one cosmic ray shielding event by either ice or till cover. In either case, Late Wisconsinan glaciers could not have extensively eroded these surfaces. Five erratics dated above the Saglek zone, including one in the felsenmeer zone, have exposure ages ranging from 11.6 ± 1.0 to 13.6 ± 0.7 ka. This indicates that valley and high-elevation ice persisted through the Younger Dryas Chron and provides further evidence that the highlands were not nunataks during the Late Wisconsinan period.Résumé : Des analyses de sols et la datation d'affleurements ayant des nucléides cosmogéniques terrestres sont combinées et un modèle conceptuel est proposé pour expliquer les contrastes d'altération selon l'altitude dans les hautes terres à des latitudes élevées. Nous démontrons que les sommets dans des monts Torngat et Kaumajet étaient couverts par de la glace au cours du dernier maximum glaciaire et que leur couverture de felsenmeer a probablement subi de multiples événements de glaciation. Pour les lithologies semblables, les sols formés dans les zones de felsenmeer sont significativement plus altérés que ceux formés aux plus basses altitudes. Les tills ont des concentrations plus élevées de fer cristallin, d'aluminium amorphe et de silice extraite par oxalate. Les minéraux secondaires tels que la gibbsite et la kaolinite se retrouvent dans les sols des felsenmeers, alors que ceux formés dans le till ne présentent pas ces minéraux secondaires. Les âges d'exposition obtenus par 10 Be et 26 Al, pour neuf des dix échantillons, provenant de roches isolées de haute élévation et de blocs de felsenmeer autochtones, varient de 73 ± 6 à 157 ± 15 ka. Cependant, des âges de 11,4 ± 1,0 ka et de 11,7 ± 1,0 ka sont mesurés pour le socle dans la zone beaucoup plus basse de Saglek, indiquant une forte (>3 m) érosion glaciaire dans cette zone durant la gla...

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