The purpose of this research is to demonstrate, in an original study, the potentiality of the use of Cajueiro (Anacardium sp.) and Amescla (Trattinikia sp.), two low density tropical wood species, for producing OSB (Oriented strand boards), structural panels that replace plywood for several building purposes. In those panels, wood strands can be disposed in a specific direction or in random distribution, in order to reach the desirable mechanical properties. In this case, the strands were oriented by a separator to generate layers in mass proportion 20:60:20 (outer, inner and outer layers). Then these pre-panels went to a pre-pressing to form the mattress. Finally, they were pressed at 100°C, by 10 minutes, under 4.5MPa pressure, using castor oil based bicomponent polyurethane resin as adhesive. They were produced eight panels (four with Cajueiro e four with Amescla), with nominal dimensions 350mm length, 350mm width and 10mm thickness. Results showed that these wood species can be used to produce OSB, mainly considering values obtained in mechanical tests, that are superior to OSB produced in Brazilian enterprises and can be classified as OSB/4, as recommended by European standard EN 300. Research should continue to be developed in order to reach more adequate performance in swelling and water absorption.
The most commons woods used for production of medium density particleboard (MDP) are Eucalyptus and Pinus. The Cajueiro and Amescla wood are typical trees coming from the center-west of Brazil, from the States of Mato Grosso and Tocatins. These are medium density woods similar to Pinus sp, the Brazilian's wood's industries usually used these woods only as piece of wood for structures or furniture. The purpose of this research is to investigate, in a preliminary study, the possibility of MDP panel's production using Cajueiro and Amescla wood species. The panels were produced under a pressure of 4 MPa for 10 minutes at 100°C, and it was produced a total of 12 MDP panels, 6 of Cajueiro and 6 of Amescla, with a thickness of 10mm, dimensions 250mm×250mm and 0.5 kg mass. For the bending modulus of elasticity, 2200 MPa were obtained for Cajueiro and 2700 MPa for Amescla, which are considered good values. The results can be considered satisfactory because it is a preliminary and unpublished study in the case of MDP panels manufactured with Cajueiro and Amescla wood species.
Sugar and ethanol mills use only the stem fraction of sugarcane for the production of sugar and ethanol. The sugarcane bagasse, composed of fiber and pith fractions, is largely used to generate electricity. The sugarcane agricultural residues-RAC, made up of leaves, straw and the tip of sugarcane are cut during harvest and returned to the field to fertilize the soil. Hardboard panels are produced from the application of heat and pressure to a fiber or sawdust mat. Its commercial application includes floors in construction and clipboards and bottom drawers in the furniture industry. Thus the purpose of this work was to study the use of materials from sugarcane culture, in particular the core fraction of bagasse sugarcane and the sugarcane trash for the production of hardboard (without the use of adhesives) and particleboards (with the addition of phenol formaldehyde resin). In addition, he studied the addition of the resulting humin acid hydrolysis process of sugarcane bagasse as an adjunct in the production of sugarcane pith panels. The use of phenol formaldehyde resin was studied in the range of 10% to 33%, with best results obtained when using 25% resin, which had maximum stress of 29.9 MPa in tensile testing. Once established, the study of the effect of the amount of humin was held in the range of 12.5% to 75%, which revealed that the humin leads to the production of brittle materials with reduced mechanical performance. Sugarcane trash fractions were used for production of resin samples with phenol formaldehyde content equal to 25%. All produced samples were analyzed by tensile tests (MOR and MOE), thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis. The production of hardboards from the marrow fraction of sugarcane bagasse, under the conditions employed in this preliminary study, resulted in materials with low mechanical performance, revealed the results of tensile tests indicated that maximum voltage of 4.7 MPa. However, the same raw material when mixed with phenol-formaldehyde resin resulted in the production of particleboards that despite the low effective dispersion of the resin, had a better mechanical performance (maximum stress in the range from 29.9 to 11.3 MPa). Finally, materials obtained from the fractions of RAC sugarcane and PF resin proved to be more homogeneous and with equal or higher mechanical performance (maximum stress in the range from 36.1 to 27.7 MPa) to that observed for materials obtained with Pinus sp (maximum stress of 27.7 MPa).
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