This chapter explores the biblical ideas of purity and the related concepts of cleanness and holiness. It discusses some of the terminology used for these concepts in the Bible and related literature and how these terms are used in different texts and various periods. It examines the relationship between purity and holiness, particularly in terms of the Temple in Jerusalem, and discusses some of the possible reasons that certain materials were designated as unclean or impure. It also outlines the development of purification practices, particularly in terms of miqva’ot, Jewish ritual baths which were introduced in the Second Temple period.
Leadership is not specifically written for an audience of teachers within theology and religion. Nevertheless, I submit that its underlying philosophy about the importance of context and its use of narrative and story offer examples of powerful tools that can enhance the pedagogical potential in religious studies and theology classrooms. Julia M. Speller Chicago Theological Seminary Getting Culture: Incorporating Diversity Across the Curriculum. Edited by Regan A.R. Gurung and Loreto R. Prieto. Sterling Va.: Stylus, 2009. xvi + 383 pages. ISBN 978-1-57922-280-2. $24.95.
Physicians and Scene Time" represents state-of-the-art usage of statistics. The hypothesis of the caption was, 'The use of on-site ALS by physicians is associated with a significant increase in scene time." On page 179/52, it reads "The purpose of this study was to describe and identify factors associated with variations in scene time for trauma patients treated by physicians at the site." In the conclusion, the text restates the obvious fact that, "the use of physician-provided ALS is associated with significant increases in scene time." Up to this point, it is nice to see that this analysis correlates the "commonsense" of the "greater the number of activities performed on site, the longer time needed." Still, in the conclusion, there is a great leap to: "In view of the lack of benefits associated with these interventions ... study ... provides further support for the general implementation of die 'scoop and run' approach." This called for a careful rereading of the paper. The study group is defined (page 185/58) as, "all of the trauma victims widi at least moderate injury" and "for whom a physician was present at the scene." (So, patients were not divided into various groups according to their ISS to check if scene time is correlated to ISS.) But on the same page we can read, "In the entire study cohort, die presence of a physician was associated with a statistically significant increase in mean scene time when compared widi only EMTs being at the scene." What are we really comparing? Comments from Tables 4, 5, and 6 are relevant, but, my question in relation to the conclusions is, if no actions are implemented on scene, and die victim is "scoop and run" to the hospital, is the victim going to be sent straight to the operating theater? I believe diat he/she will be assessed in the accident and emergency department and will receive necessary attention (IV line, intubation, medication, etc.) similar to what the patient would have received on scene in a prehospital-care approach. Then, and only then, the victim can be taken to die operating theater. So, is die "scoop-and-run" approach really providing earliest necessary care, specifically with often overwhelmed accident and emergency departments? It also would have been extremely useful to know about any mortality rate from this study group, and dien to have a statistical comparison with a similar group (with similar ISS and hospital definitive care level) not benefiting from prehospital ALS. Instead of this, the conclusion is based on a controversial "upper limit for scene time" set by the author at 20 minutes, and "odds of dying." It is surprising to read in the same article, "There is no argument diat increased prehospital delay is associated widi worse outcome in severely injured patients," (page 179/52) and 'The significant impact of long prehospital time in causing excess mortality" (page 188/61). This study demonstrates only diat providing ALS requires more time.
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