Background: Telemedicine has been practiced since 1960. The objective of telemedicine was to establish feasible interactive telecommunication for medical diagnosis and treatment of patients at remote sites. Nowadays, with healthcare costs on the rise, telemedicine is increasingly being seen as a strategy for healthcare organizations to make cost-saving. This study aimed to explore the opportunity of telemedicine utilization in cost savings to patients and the health care system. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the published articles from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINA-HL, and Science Direct databases. Keywords for this study were "telemedicine" AND "patient satisfaction", "telemedicine" AND "cost-utility and cost-effectiveness", and "telemedicine" AND "systematic review". The data were analyzed by PRISMA flow diagram. Results: 8 articles were selected for this study. These studies reported that telemedicine utilization in dermatology, radiology, pediatrics, and intensive care unit (ICU) rooms reduced health cost by 56% and patients travel cost to health care by 94%. Telemedicine advantages for patients were reduced transportation time or cost, eliminated time off of work, on-demand option, and reduced time in the waiting room, so that it can increase patient's satisfaction. A study reported that telemedicine utilization at the pediatrics department increased hospital's revenue by USD 101,744 per year. Conclusion:Telemedicine is an alternative health care to generate cost savings for patient and hospital and it can increase patient's satisfaction.
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: PandemiCovid-19 yang sedang terjadi disebabkan oleh adanya proses mutasi dari virus SARS-CoV menjadi sangat infeksius, pasien dalam masa inkubasi dan asimptomatis dapat menyebarkan virus. Penggunaan masker menjadi kebijakan yang telah diterapkan hampir diseluruh dunia (universal masking), salah satunya masker kain untuk masyarakat umum. Tujuan: Ketidakpastian seputar efektivitas dan dampak masker kain buatan sendiri pada transmisi Covid-19, maka tim penulis akan memberikan tinjauan terkait efektivitas penggunaan berbagai jenis masker. Metode: Proses tinjauan dilakukan dengan mencari berbagai artikel melalui basis data sejak Juli -Agustus 2020. Pencarian diperoleh dari berbagai basis data seperti: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi artikel antara tahun 2010-2020. Tidak ada upaya dari penulis untuk mencari secara spesifik artikel-artikel tidak terpublikasi. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah "mask and COVID-19 DAN "utility and mask and COVID-19" DAN "effectiveness. Hasil: Masker N95 dan masker bedah memiliki efektifitas di atas 90%. Jenis masker kain yang dianjurkan adalah masker kain 3 lapis (lapisan dalam dari bahan penyerap seperti kapas, lapisan tengah dari bahan bukan tenunan seperti polypropylene, dan lapisan luar dari bahan non-penyerap, seperti campuran poliester atau poliester). Penggunaan masker pada anak-anak harus dibawah pengawasan, berbagai studi melaporkan adanya potensi gangguan pernafasan pada anak bila menggunakan masker.
Various psychological disorders have been reported and published during the Covid-19 outbreak, one of which is stress. Stress is not only felt by the community, even health workers and everyone who works in the medical field. Psychological disorders have a wider and longer-lasting impact compared to physical injuries, while attention to mental health is far less. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide clinical evidence and input for increasing vigilance and self-management to avoid stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 10 articles from various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, NIH, CDC, and Science Direct involving 5925 health workers and 8770 people from various countries have been reported in this systematic review. Factors causing stress on health workers include: workload, fear of being infected with Covid-19, negative stigma of a virus carrier and being away from the family. Factors causing stress to society include: alcohol consumption, workload from home, income, sex, food limitations, and fears of being infected.
Background: Hypertension is associated with an increase in systolic pressure or diastolic pressure or the pressure of both. Hypertension is defined as persistently high blood pressure where the systolic pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. One of the non-pharmacological treatments for hypertension is with Benson relaxation therapy. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of Benson relaxation therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension in Unggahan Village. Method: The research design was a pra-experimental design with one group pre-post test design. The research sample consisted of 30 people. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with techniques purposive sampling and data from respondents was collected by using a digital tensimeter measuring instrument. This study used a Paired t-test examination significant standard α=0.05. Result: The result of the study shows that before was given a Benson relaxation therapy that was Mean systolic blood pressure is 149.93, and the Mean diastolic blood pressure is 89.33. Then, after giving a Benson relaxation therapy that was Mean systolic blood pressure is 138.97 and the Mean diastolic blood pressure is 84.07. The results of the examination Paired t-test, obtained the score p pre and post (0,000) < α (0,05), which means that H0 is ferected and Ha accepted. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of Benson relaxation therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension in Unggahan Village.
Sejak pertama kali terlaporkan pada akhir 2019 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 atau SARS CoV 2 atau COVID 19 telah menginfeksi lebih dari 2 juta orang hanya dalam waktu kurang dari 5 bulan diseluruh dunia. Berdasarkan data diatas penulis akan membuat review dan menjelaskan definisi dan juga berbagai rute penularan infeksi berdasarkan bukti yang telah dipublikasikan dan dirangkum. Review dilakukan pada April 2020, dengan menelusuri artikel melalui database daring dan kata kunci Review AND COVID 19 ATAU Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 AND Review ATAU Coronavirus Disease 2019 AND Review AND transmission route. SARS CoV 2 atau COVID 19 merupakan virus dari jenis beta coronavirus dengan tingkat penularan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan SAR CoV ataupun MERS. Jalur penularan antar manusia yang paling aktif adalah melalui kontak dekat droplet dan aerosol, meskipun demikian virus masih terdapat dalam tinja, air mata dan urin. Namun potensi penularan masih perlu dipelajari. Masa inkubasi virus adalah 0 sampai dengan 24 hari dengan rata rata dari gejala pertama hingga kematian adalah 3 sampai dengan 14 hari.
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