The creation of energetic electrons through plasmon excitation of nanostructures before thermalization has been proposed for a wide number of applications in optical energy conversion and ultrafast nanophotonics. However, the use of “nonthermal” electrons is primarily limited by both a low generation efficiency and their ultrafast decay. We report experimental and theoretical results on the use of broadband plasmonic nanopatch metasurfaces comprising a gold substrate coupled to silver nanocubes that produce large concentrations of hot electrons, which we measure using transient absorption spectroscopy. We find evidence for three subpopulations of nonthermal carriers, which we propose arise from anisotropic electron–electron scattering within sp-bands near the Fermi surface. The bimetallic character of the metasurface strongly impacts the physics, with dissipation occurring primarily in the gold, whereas the quantum process of hot electron generation takes place in both components. Our calculations show that the choice of geometry and materials is crucial for producing strong ultrafast nonthermal electron components.

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Multispectral colloidal metasurfaces are fabricated that exhibit greater than 85% absorption and ≈100 nm linewidths by patterning film-coupled nanocubes in pixels using a fusion of bottom-up and top-down fabrication techniques over wafer-scale areas. With this technique, the authors realize a multispectral pixel array consisting of six resonances between 580 and 1125 nm and reconstruct an RGB image with 9261 color combinations.

We have used multiphoton absorption polymerization to fabricate a series of microscale polymer cantilevers. Atomic force microscopy has been used to characterize the mechanical properties of microcantilevers with spring constants that were found to span more than four decades. From these data, we extracted a Young's modulus of E = 0.44 GPa for these microscale cantilevers. The wide stiffness range and relatively low elastic modulus of the microstructures make them attractive candidates for a range of microcantilever applications, including measurements on soft matter.

Active plasmonic nanostructures with tunable resonances promise to enable smart materials with multiple functionalities, on-chip spectral-based imaging and low-power optoelectronic devices. A variety of tunable materials have been integrated with plasmonic structures, however, the tuning range in the visible regime has been limited to less than the line width of the resonance resulting in small on/off ratios. Here we demonstrate dynamic tuning of plasmon resonances up to 71 nm through multiple cycles by incorporating photochromic molecules into plasmonic nanopatch antennas. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light switches the molecules into a photoactive state enabling dynamic control with on/off ratios up to 9.2 dB and a tuning figure of merit up to 1.43, defined as the ratio between the spectral shift and the initial line width of the plasmonic resonance. Moreover, the physical mechanisms underlying the large spectral shifts are elucidated by studying over 40 individual nanoantennas with fundamental resonances from 550 to 720 nm revealing good agreement with finite-element simulations.

MYXOEDEMA AND PNEUMONIA BxnsOU 1065MIEDICAL JOURNAL remaining two cases all we can say is that thyroid function, perhaps already inadequate in Case 2, deteriorated acutely with the onset of infection, while in Case 3 no previous history was available but the patient became rapidly comatose with the development of pneumonia.A final point of interest was the contrast between the relative lack of symptoms and the evidence of extensive consolidation in four of our five patients. We think that the silent character of these severe infections is a matter of significance which needs stressing, and that attention should be drawn towards the possible presence of myxoedema when faced with pneumonia with minimal symptoms. SunmaryFive cases of myxoedema of acute onset, including one new case of coma, are reported. The stress factors were severe pneumonia and exposure to cold. It is suggested that in all these cases there was a sudden breakdown of function in potentially inadequate thyroid glands, already working at maximum capacity to meet normal requirements. As the pneumonia caused few symptoms in all our patients it was liable to be overlooked.We (Lennox, 1956;Davidson, 1960 rectangle-is laid over it. One or more layers of filter paper are placed on top and the coverglass is pressed down by drawing the thumb across from one end of the slide to the other. To avoid moving the coverglass on the slide the filter paper is firmly held down over one corner of the cover with the left hand while the right hand moves across from left to right. The filter paper absorbs excess stain expressed from below the coverslip. With insufficient pressure the nuclear membrane is wrinkled: with correct pressure the nuclei are evenly flattened. Extrusion of the nuclei from the cell is not disadvantageous provided that the nuclear membrane remains intact. With simple aceto-orcein they should be stored in a covered tray in a refrigerator and fresh stain added to the edge of the coverglass to prevent drying out. The hygroscopic lactic acid in lacto-aceto-orcein

These results suggest that the same method might be used against these flies, but it is first necessary to discover the stage of the insect's development at which it is most susceptible to sterilization. This entails working in a laboratory with insect pupae of known age, as near as possible to a good supply of tsetse flies, and the Colonial Pesticides Research Unit at Arusha will undertake this research.