Brazil and Colombia are rich in terms of water supply, ranking as world leaders in the supply of water resources. Despite this, both countries have problems of relative scarcity of this vital liquid in highly populated areas with much economic activity. Establishing policies and legal environmental standards has long tradition in both countries. However, although there are provisions and instruments for water management at the water basin level, these do not necessarily follow the conceptual development of integrated water resources management (IWRM). As a result, the two countries have partially implemented IWRM elements but with different characteristics both in its structure and instrumentality. In Colombia the State Government, through the Regional Environmental Corporations, implements IWRM (concessions, fee for water use, pollution rate, basin plans, etc), with no formal involvement of civil society management. In Brazil, however, IWRM management structure and tools are decentralized and participatory, as are the Water Basin Committees, entities where the State Government, municipalities and users participate, those with the greatest weight in water management. In Brazil, however, this model is not yet implemented in all watersheds. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare the institutional and legal aspects of water management models in Brazil and Colombia with regard to the integrated water management concept. For the latter, we worked with a case study for each country regarding Nima River watershed (Colombia) and Tietê Jacaré (Brazil)
Guájaro reservoir is located in the south east of Atlántico department (Colombia). This water body is the most important in the region since its construction in 1964. It is supplied by an artificial channel (Canal del Dique) by means of a two floodgate system. As a result of excess nutrients and other pollution loads from the drainage basin in recent decades, Guájaro reservoir has suffered eutrophication and other pollution problems, however it still continues to be exploited. For this reason, it is necessary to regulate the hydraulic structures that supply this water body, as they play an important role in managing levels and these in turn for the purpose of water supply and environmental purposes. The present work has been carried out as a sustainability management alternative of the reservoir. The implementation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (EFDC Explorer) and its calibration is implemented using a time series of the free surface levels, and comparing the measured velocities and those estimated by the model for two different climatic periods, to assist the operation of Hydrosystem Canal del Dique-Guajaro. The corresponding comparisons showed a good behaviour between measured and simulated data. Based on the quantitative results of the Nash-Sutcliffe reliability method, it is considered that the results are quite satisfactory to estimate and predict the amount of water flowing in and out of the reservoir through the hydrosystem channel reservoir.
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