Fluid movement through the capillary membrane has been measured in the lower legs of dogs by using implanted, perforated capsules as internal plethysmographs. Utilizing this procedure it was possible to compare the effects of changes in interstitial fluid pressure with the effects of changes in venous pressure and arterial pressure on movement of fluid through the capillary membrane. A decrease in interstitial fluid pressure of 1 mm Hg increased the filtration of fluid out of the capillaries 1.20 as much as did 1 mm Hg increase in venous pressure. The filtration coefficient for fluid movement through the capillary wall per unit change in
interstitial fluid pressure
was 0.058 µliter/min per mm Hg per g of tissue. This value is in the same range as filtration coefficients that others have determined following changes in
capillary pressure
.
Over the past century, ponderosa pine-dominated landscapes of the southwestern United States have been altered by human activities such as grazing, timber harvest, road building, and fire exclusion. Most forested areas within these landscapes now show increased susceptibility to stand-replacing fires, insect outbreaks, and droughtrelated mortality. Recent large wildfires in the region have spurred public interest in large-scale fuel reduction and restoration programs, which create perceived and real conflicts with the conservation of biodiversity. Conservation concerns include the potential for larger road networks, soil and understory disturbance, exotic plant invasion, and the removal of large trees in treated areas. Pursuing prescribed burning, thinning, or other treatments on the broad scale that many scientists and managers envision requires the reconciliation of ecological restoration with biodiversity conservation. This study presents recommendations from a workshop for integrating the principles and practices of restoration ecology and conservation biology, toward the objective of restoring the composition, structure, and function of dry ponderosa pine forests. Planning on the scale of hundreds of thousands of hectares offers opportunities to achieve multiple objectives (e.g., rare species protection and restoration of ecological structures and processes) that cannot easily be addressed on a site-by-site basis. However, restoration must be coordinated with conservation planning to achieve mutual objectives and should include strict guidelines for protection of rare, declining, and sensitive habitats and species.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.