Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. The identification
of the etiologic agent helps clinicians make their therapeutic choice. Studies
conducted in different countries show a changing pattern of the main etiological
agents according to their regions. We performed a retrospective study in the
tertiary public service in São Paulo, analyzing the isolated etiological
agents in patients with tinea capitis from March 2013 to May 2015.
Microsporum canis was the main agent (56.6%), followed by
Trichophyton tonsurans (36.6%). Despite recent migratory
movements in the city, we observed no change in the causative agent of tinea
capitis.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum and
divided into three stages according to the duration of the disease: primary,
secondary and tertiary. Secondary syphilis has diverse clinical presentations,
such as papular-nodular lesions. This presentation is rare, with 15 cases
reported in the literature over the past 20 years. We report a case of secondary
syphilis with papular-nodular lesions in a healthy 63-year-old patient, who has
presented treponema in immunohistochemical examination of the skin lesions.
Dermatophytosis is a skin infection caused by keratinophilic, filamentous fungi. These are highly prevalent, common mycoses, affecting approximately 20% of the population. These fungi invade the stratum corneum, and other keratinised tissues, like nails and hair, where they grow by secreting enzymes and degrading keratin to obtain nutrients. Clinical presentation is variable and may depend on many factors, such as the infection site, the host's immunity and the dermatophyte's virulence. Generally, patients with acute superficial dermatophytosis mount cell‐mediated immune responses. However, those suffering from chronic or recurrent infections are unable to develop this response, for reasons yet unknown. Several reports have described severe and occasionally life‐threatening invasive diseases (deep dermatophytosis) associated with genetic mutations in the innate immunity‐associated molecule CARD9, displaying the need to better understand its immune response. These dermatoses have substantial clinical consequences, producing chronic and difficult to treat skin lesions. They also lead to a decline in the patient's quality of life and impact their self‐esteem. This review summarises findings on the immune response against dermatophytes.
Genital warts can be diagnosed through physical examination and confirmed by
histopathology. Noninvasive methods are useful for ruling out other diagnoses with no
harm to the patient. In this study the clinical findings were compared to dermoscopy,
reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and to histopathology findings, in order to
determine possible patterns that can aid diagnosis of the lesion. It was possible to
identify structural changes on reflectance confocal microscopy that are already known
by dermoscopy, in addition to cellular changes previously seen only by
histopathological examination. This study shows the use of reflectance confocal
microscopy in cases of genital warts, providing important information that can be
used in further studies.
Vulvar cancer accounts for less than 1% of malignancies in women. Verrucous
carcinoma of the vulva is a rare histological variation, comprising less than 1%
of vulvar cancer cases. Although it is characterized as being locally invasive,
the condition is not associated with metastatic spreading. Lesions present in
the form of a verrucous, ulcerated, and bleeding tumor that can reach large
dimensions. This type of tumor can be mistaken for condylomata, both
macroscopically and microscopically. We report the case of an 81-year-old
patient with a large vulvar tumor presented for eight years, initially
considered as a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. The patient underwent radical
vulvectomy with a V-Y advancement flap technique. This type of tumor should be
considered by clinicians dealing with condylomatous ulcerative lesions that do
not respond to the usual treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.