Two studies were conducted to determine whether manipulation of personal control influences the experience of crowding. In the first experiment, the positioning of four confederates in an elevator maneuvered a naive subject to a place in front of or on the opposite front side to the panel of floor selection buttons. Subjects standing in front of the "control" panel felt significantly less crowded and saw the elevator as significantly larger than subjects in the opposite position. In the second experiment, participants in a series of group process tasks were initially assigned at random to a role that gave them no control over the group's activities, control over the onset and administration of the activities, or control over their termination. All groups were composed of six male students who met in either small (high density) or large (low density) rooms. Persons with control felt significantly less crowded than persons without control, and the type of delegated control interacted with density in influencing evaluations of room ambience and personal comfort. High-density rooms were judged to be less pleasant and more crowded than low-density rooms. The results suggest that control mediates responses to density and is directly related to the experience of crowding.We wish to thank Lynn Spitzer, Joe Johnson, Larry Kaufman, and Adam Wilokovsky for conducting Experiment 1 and Scott Prussing, Henry Delgado, and Cato Ealy for their assistance in conducting Experiment 2. We are also grateful to Josh Auerbach and Bob Abelson for their assistance in the analysis of the data. Barry Collins provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.Requests for reprints should be sent to Judith
This paper was presented at the 12th Annual OTC in Houston, Tex., May 5·6, 1980. The materia' rs sublect to correction by the author. Permrssfon to copy Is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words.
ABSTRACTSelection, inspection, and replacement criteria for wire rope terminations have evolved as an empirical art based generally on the experience of the user. The series of tests described in this paper provides a database upon which to build a scientific approach to wire rope termination use. Extensive tests of nine well known terminations were performed using both static and dynamic loads, and five wire rope sizes. Also tests were made to evaluate the sensitivity of each termination to incorrect or faulty installation.
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