Fifty rainbow trout of the Kamloops strain were examined for 12 haematological parameters: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocyte count, erythrocyte diameters, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, plasma total protein and plasma glucose concentration. The fish had been held under known environmental and dietetic conditions, and at the time of sampling were 14 months old. The majority of results for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocyte count, erythrocyte diameters, total protein and differential leukocyte count fell within narrow ranges. The total leukocyte counts and glucose levels were more widely spread. The results are discussed and compared with those already published for Idaho and Shasta strains. It is impossible to say whether the differences that were observedbetweenKamloops and these other varieties were due to strain alone, since other variables were present. Some problems associated with establishing normal ranges for these parameters in fish are discussed.

In November 1971, Intel introduced the world's first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004. It had 2,300 transistors, ran at a clock speed of up to 740 KHz, and delivered 60,000 instructions per second while dissipating 0.5 watts. The following four decades witnessed exponential growth in compute power, a trend that has enabled applications as diverse as climate modeling, protein folding, and computing real-time ballistic trajectories of angry birds. Today's microprocessor chips employ billions of transistors, include multiple processor cores on a single silicon die, run at clock speeds measured in gigahertz, and deliver more than 4 million times the performance of the original 4004. Where did these incredible gains come from? This article sheds some light on this question by introducing CPU DB (cpudb.stanford.edu), an open and extensible database collected by Stanford's VLSI (very large-scale integration) Research Group over several generations of processors (and students). We gathered information on commercial processors from 17 manufacturers and placed it in CPU DB, which now contains data on 790 processors spanning the past 40 years. In addition, we provide a methodology to separate the effect of technology scaling from improvements on other frontiers (e.g., architecture and software), allowing the comparison of machines built in different technologies. To demonstrate the utility of this data and analysis, we use it to decompose processor improvements into contributions from the physical scaling of devices, and from improvements in microarchitecture, compiler, and software technologies. AN OPEN REPOSITORY OF PROCESSOR SPECS While information about current processors is easy to find, it is rarely arranged in a manner that is useful to the research community. For example, the data sheet may contain the processor's power, voltage, frequency, and cache size, but not the pipeline depth or the technology minimum feature size. Even then, these specifications often fail to tell the full story: a laptop processor operates over a range of frequencies and voltages, not just the 2 GHz shown on the box label. Not surprisingly, specification data gets harder to find the older the processor becomes, especially for those that are no longer made, or worse, whose manufacturers no longer exist. We have been collecting this type of data for three decades and are now releasing it in the form of an open repository of processor specifications. The goal of CPU DB is to aggregate detailed processor specifications into a convenient form and to encourage community participation, both to leverage this information and to keep it accurate and current. CPU DB (cpudb. stanford.edu) is populated with desktop, laptop, and server processors, for which we use SPEC 13 as our performance-measuring tool. In addition, the database contains limited data on embedded cores, for which we are using the CoreMark benchmark for performance. 5 With time and help from the community, we hope to extend the coverage of embedded processors in the database. ...

A gregarious tendency during settlement, similar to that already demonstrated in oyster larvae, was suspected in Elminius, because cyprids settled in groups during the initial stages of colonization of surfaces (crowded later arrivals showed a spacing-out tendency) and because settlement on test-plates was peculiarly sparse at stations with a muddy bottom, where barnacles were absent.Settlement was much heavier on areas of smooth glass, which already bore recently settled barnacles, than on similar adjoining areas which were bare.When barnacled microscope slides were stuck to one set of glass plates, bare slides to another and the two sets exposed side by side, settlement was consistently much heavier on the plates which bore the barnacled slides. The mean density of settlement on the bare slides and the surrounding plates was uniformly low, except for a greater density immediately adjoining the slides, probably due to sheltering alongside their edges. On the barnacled slides density of settlement was much higher and on the plates immediately alongside still more so, whilst at increasing distances from the slides it became gradually smaller but was still much heavier than on the plates with the bare slides. This suggests that the sensory basis for gregariousness can act at a distance. It may possibly be olfactory.

Some of the blood constituents of male, female and immature rainbow trout of the Shasta variety, maintained in known environmental and dietetic conditions, were examined and the results statistically treated. The parameters for male and female trout were similar, only the erythrocyte count exhibiting a significant difference. Large but expected differences were evident between the parameters for mature and immature fish.

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