The primary means for disseminating sport and exercise science research is currently through journal articles. However, not all studies, especially those with null findings, make it to formal publication. This publication bias towards positive findings may contribute to questionable research practices. Preregistration is a solution to prevent the publication of distorted evidence resulting from this system. This process asks authors to register their hypotheses and methods before data collection on a publicly available repository or by submitting a Registered Report. In the Registered Reports format, authors submit a Stage 1 manuscript to a participating journal that includes an introduction, methods, and any pilot data indicating the exploratory or confirmatory nature of the study. After a Stage 1 peer review, the manuscript can then be offered in-principle acceptance, rejected, or sent back for revisions to improve the quality of the study. If accepted, the project is guaranteed publication, assuming the authors follow the data collection and analysis protocol. After data

Evidence associating doping behavior with moral disengagement (MD) has accumulated over recent years. However, to date, research examining links between MD and doping has not considered key theoretically grounded influences and outcomes of MD. As such, there is a need for quantitative research in relevant populations that purposefully examines the explanatory pathways through which MD is thought to operate. Toward this end, the current study examined a conceptually grounded model of doping behavior that incorporated empathy, doping self-regulatory efficacy (SRE), doping MD, anticipated guilt and self-reported doping/doping susceptibility. Participants were specifically recruited to represent four key physical-activity contexts and consisted of team- (n = 195) and individual- (n = 169) sport athletes and hardcore- (n = 125) and corporate- (n = 121) gym exercisers representing both genders (nmale = 371; nfemale = 239); self-reported lifetime prevalence of doping across the sample was 13.6%. Each participant completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modeling indicated strong support for all study hypotheses. Specifically, we established: (a) empathy and doping SRE negatively predicted reported doping; (b) the predictive effects of empathy and doping SRE on reported doping were mediated by doping MD and anticipated guilt; (c) doping MD positively predicted reported doping; (d) the predictive effects of doping MD on reported doping were partially mediated by anticipated guilt. Substituting self-reported doping for doping susceptibility, multisample analyses then demonstrated these predictive effects were largely invariant between males and females and across the four physical-activity contexts represented. These findings extend current knowledge on a number of levels, and in doing so aid our understanding of key psychosocial processes that may govern doping behavior across key physical-activity contexts.

The primary means for disseminating sport and exercise science research is currently through journal articles. However, not all studies, especially those with null findings, make it to formal publication. This publication bias towards positive findings may contribute to questionable research practices. Preregistration is a solution to prevent the publication of distorted evidence resulting from this system. This process asks authors to register their hypotheses and methods before data collection on a publicly available repository or by submitting a Registered Report. In the Registered Reports format, authors submit a Stage 1 manuscript to a participating journal that includes an introduction, methods, and any pilot data indicating the exploratory or confirmatory nature of the study. After a Stage 1 peer review, the manuscript can then be offered in-principle acceptance, rejected, or sent back for revisions to improve the quality of the study. If accepted, the project is guaranteed publication, assuming the authors follow the data collection and analysis protocol. After data collection, authors re-submit a Stage 2 manuscript that includes the results and discussion, and the study is evaluated on clarity and conformity with the planned analysis. In its final form, Registered Reports appear almost identical to a typical publication, but give readers confidence that the hypotheses and main analyses are less susceptible to bias from questionable research practices. From this perspective, we argue that inclusion of Registered Reports by researchers and journals will improve the transparency, replicability, and trust in sport and exercise science research.

Introduction:The coronavirus pandemic has swept across the United Kingdom (UK). Given the ever-evolving situation, little is known about the repercussions of coronavirus and the subsequent lockdowns for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Therefore, this study explores the social-communicative impact of the first lockdown (March 2020 -July 2020) in the UK and the return to school period (September 2020 -October 2020), following prolonged disruption to routine, in children diagnosed with ASD. Methods: Parents of autistic children completed 2 separate online surveys following the first lockdown in the UK (n ¼ 176) and also when children returned to school following the summer break (n ¼ 54). Results: The results suggested that self-regulation skills (p < .05) and co-operation skills (p < .05) were most affected over the course of the lockdown. Children's physical activity levels were perceived to significantly increase during the return to school (p < .0001), which was associated with better social-communication outcomes (p < .05). Conclusion: Future work is needed to confirm and explore the findings. Such work could be implemented to protect and improve the social-communicative outcomes of autistic children.

When assessing socially undesirable attitudes such as dark leadership traits, we urge scholars to avoid relying on qualitative accounts alone and encourage the use of indirect methods, and theory-driven empirical research. 2. Sports leadership research should move beyond assessing behavioural outcomes alone and instead assess cognition alongside behaviour. 3. We strongly question the 'ends justify the means' attitude suggested in Cruickshank and Collins' work and suggest that practitioners consider the longer term ramifications associated with such an approach.

1Objectives: To develop Moral Disengagement (MD) and Self-Regulatory Efficacy (SRE) 2 instruments relevant to doping in sport and exercise and provide evidence for their validity and 3 reliability. 4Design: Cross-sectional, correlational 5 Methods: Data were collected from male and female team-and individual-sport athletes and 6 corporate-and hardcore-gym exercisers. Two samples (n sample 1 = 318; n sample 2 = 300) were 7 utilized in instrument development and score validation and another (n sample 3 = 101) in 8 examining test-retest reliability. Samples 1 and 2 responded to the newly developed items 9 alongside others assessing theoretically-related variables, whereas Sample 3 completed the new 10 instruments on two separate occasions. 11Results: Factor analyses identified the final items and dimensional structures for the Doping 12Moral Disengagement Scale (DMDS), Doping Moral Disengagement Scale-Short (DMDS-S) 13 and Doping Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (DSRES). The DMDS has six lower-and one higher-14 order factor, whereas the DMDS-S and DSRES are unidimensional. These structures were 15 invariant by sex and sport/exercise context. Evidence supporting external validity and test-retest 16 reliability was also provided. rates are difficult to obtain, the estimated prevalence of doping in athletes ranges between 5 and 7 31% (Momaya, Fawal, & Estes, 2015). An important aim for researchers investigating doping is 8 to identify and understand psychosocial factors that influence the likelihood of athletes and 9 exercisers using PIED (i.e., doping). To conduct such research instruments assessing key 10 variables with scores shown to be reliable and valid are required. Accordingly, we sought to 11 develop and validate scores for psychometric instruments assessing two psychological variables 12 relevant to doping. 13The theoretical framework for the current work was Bandura's (1991) social cognitive 14 theory of moral thought and action. Bandura proposed that harmful activities -such as doping - which sport and exercise participants use these six mechanisms, supporting the potential benefits 12 of developing a single measure of doping MD appropriate for use in both contexts. 13The first of these six mechanisms -moral justification -occurs when harmful activities 14 are made personally and socially acceptable by portraying how they achieve commendable social conducted with Italian high-school students, a significant proportion of whom (43.0 -45.2%) did 7 not partake in any extracurricular sport. As such these findings may not extend to participants 8 from all sport and exercise contexts, including those in which prevalence rates for doping are 9 likely to be much higher. 10Another variable from Bandura's (1991) theory that has been empirically linked with scores obtained with these instruments. One concern relates to the item-development process. 21Specifically, items were developed based on interviews with 35 high-school students who played 22 sport. However, no information was provided as to whether an...

Abstract. The present study is the first to examine transformational leadership behaviours [1] and integrity attitudes [2] of expert, Premier League and International level football managers. To provide a rich, detailed exploration of the expert managers' experiences, a qualitative approach was adopted utilising holistic content analysis. Constructed narratives revealed the key behaviours demonstrated were inspirational messages or team talks (i.e., inspirational motivation), empathy (i.e., individualised consideration), introducing new training methods (i.e., intellectual stimulation), using exemplar players (i.e., appropriate role modelling), and goal setting (i.e., high performance expectations). However, the use and effect of such behaviours varied greatly between managers. Each of the managers also claimed to have been willing to "bend the rules" as a player and frequently used euphemistic labels [3] to describe such behaviour. However, upon entering management, all three managers claimed to have adjusted such attitudes without providing an explanation for this.

Evidence associating doping behavior with Moral Disengagement (MD) has accumulated over recent years. However, to date, research examining links between MD and doping has not considered key theoretically-grounded influences and outcomes of MD. As such, there is a need for quantitative research in relevant populations that purposefully examines the explanatory pathways through which MD is thought to operate. Towards this end, the current study examined a conceptually-grounded model of doping behavior that incorporated empathy, doping self-regulatory efficacy (SRE), doping MD, anticipated guilt and self-reported doping/doping susceptibility. Participants were specifically recruited to represent four key physical-activity contexts and consisted of team- (n = 195) and individual- (n = 169) sport athletes and hardcore- (n = 125) and corporate- (n = 121) gym exercisers representing both genders (nmale = 371; nfemale = 239); self-reported lifetime prevalence of doping across the sample was 13.6%. Each participant completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modelling indicated strong support for all study hypotheses. Specifically, we established: (a) empathy and doping SRE negatively predicted reported doping; (b) the predictive effects of empathy and doping SRE on reported doping were mediated by doping MD and anticipated guilt; (c) doping MD positively predicted reported doping; (d) the predictive effects of doping MD on reported doping were partially mediated by anticipated guilt. Substituting self-reported doping for doping susceptibility, multisample analyses then demonstrated these predictive effects were largely invariant between males and females and across the four physical-activity contexts represented. These findings extend current knowledge on a number of levels, and in doing so aid our understanding of key psychosocial processes that may govern doping behavior across key physical-activity contexts.