A sport-specific measure of moral disengagement was developed in 2 studies. In Study 1, a 59-item questionnaire was developed and tested with 308 athletes from 5 team sports. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) testing different models suggested the model that best fitted the data had 6 first-order factors that could be represented by 1 second-order factor. Study 2 involved 305 athletes from the same 5 sports. CFA confirmed the 6-factor, second-order structure for the final 32-item measure. Results from Study 2 supported the construct validity of the scale, providing evidence for the factorial, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity. The Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale (MDSS) is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of moral disengagement for use in the sport context.

This research aimed to (a) develop a measure of prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, (b) examine its invariance across sex and sport, and (c) provide evidence for its discriminant and concurrent validity. We conducted two studies. In study 1, team sport athletes (N = 1,213) recruited from 103 teams completed questionnaires assessing demographics and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport. Factor analyses revealed two factors representing prosocial behavior and two factors representing antisocial behavior. The model had a very good fit to the data and showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across sex and sport. The final scale consisted of 20 items. In Study 2, team-sport athletes (N = 106) completed the scale and measures of empathy and goal orientation. Analyses provided support for the discriminant and concurrent validity of the scale. In conclusion, the new scale can be used to measure prosocial and antisocial behaviors in team sport.Keywords: multisample, morality, team sport A decade ago, Bredemeier and Shields (1998), in concluding a comprehensive review of the literature on moral assessment in sport psychology, remarked that "the agenda for researchers who investigate sport morality is large and challenging" (p. 273). As part of that agenda, they identified an urgent need to develop reliable and valid measures to assess the moral dimensions of sport experience. Ten years later, this need remains urgent: Little progress has been made in moral assessment in sport psychology, yet researchers' interest in sport morality has burgeoned over the last 10 years (see Kavussanu, 2007). One aspect of sport morality that is of particular need for sound measurement is behavior. As scholars (Bandura, 1991;Blasi, 1980;Bredemeier & Shields, 1998) have repeatedly emphasized, ultimately, it is behavior that matters. The purpose of the current research was to develop a reliable and valid instrument that assesses morally relevant social behavior in sport.In developing this instrument, we were guided by the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action (Bandura, 1991), which focuses on overt behavior. According to Bandura (1991), individuals use multidimensional rules or standardsThe authors are with the

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This research aimed to (a) develop a measure of prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, (b) examine its invariance across sex and sport, and (c) provide evidence for its discriminant and concurrent validity. We conducted two studies. In study 1, team sport athletes (N = 1,213) recruited from 103 teams completed questionnaires assessing demographics and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport. Factor analyses revealed two factors representing prosocial behavior and two factors representing antisocial behavior. The model had a very good fit to the data and showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across sex and sport. The final scale consisted of 20 items. In Study 2, team-sport athletes (N = 106) completed the scale and measures of empathy and goal orientation. Analyses provided support for the discriminant and concurrent validity of the scale. In conclusion, the new scale can be used to measure prosocial and antisocial behaviors in team sport.Keywords: multisample, morality, team sport A decade ago, Bredemeier and Shields (1998), in concluding a comprehensive review of the literature on moral assessment in sport psychology, remarked that "the agenda for researchers who investigate sport morality is large and challenging" (p. 273). As part of that agenda, they identified an urgent need to develop reliable and valid measures to assess the moral dimensions of sport experience. Ten years later, this need remains urgent: Little progress has been made in moral assessment in sport psychology, yet researchers' interest in sport morality has burgeoned over the last 10 years (see Kavussanu, 2007). One aspect of sport morality that is of particular need for sound measurement is behavior. As scholars (Bandura, 1991;Blasi, 1980;Bredemeier & Shields, 1998) have repeatedly emphasized, ultimately, it is behavior that matters. The purpose of the current research was to develop a reliable and valid instrument that assesses morally relevant social behavior in sport.In developing this instrument, we were guided by the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action (Bandura, 1991), which focuses on overt behavior. According to Bandura (1991), individuals use multidimensional rules or standardsThe authors are with the

In this study, we examined: (a) the effects of perceived motivational climate and coaching character-building competency on prosocial and antisocial behaviours towards team-mates and opponents in field hockey and netball; (b) whether the effects of perceived character-building competency on sport behaviours are mediated by moral disengagement; and (c) whether these relationships are invariant across sport. Field hockey (n = 200) and netball (n = 179) players completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modelling indicated that mastery climate had positive effects on prosocial and negative effects on antisocial behaviour towards team-mates, while performance climate had a positive effect on antisocial behaviour towards team-mates. Perceived character-building competency had a positive effect on prosocial behaviour towards opponents and negative effects on the two antisocial behaviours; all of these effects were mediated by moral disengagement. No effect was found for prosocial behaviour towards team-mates. The model was largely invariant across sport. The findings aid our understanding of social influences on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in sport.