The Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale

Abstract

This research aimed to (a) develop a measure of prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, (b) examine its invariance across sex and sport, and (c) provide evidence for its discriminant and concurrent validity. We conducted two studies. In study 1, team sport athletes (N = 1,213) recruited from 103 teams completed questionnaires assessing demographics and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport. Factor analyses revealed two factors representing prosocial behavior and two factors representing antisocial behavior. The model had a very good fit to the data and showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across sex and sport. The final scale consisted of 20 items. In Study 2, team-sport athletes (N = 106) completed the scale and measures of empathy and goal orientation. Analyses provided support for the discriminant and concurrent validity of the scale. In conclusion, the new scale can be used to measure prosocial and antisocial behaviors in team sport.Keywords: multisample, morality, team sport A decade ago, Bredemeier and Shields (1998), in concluding a comprehensive review of the literature on moral assessment in sport psychology, remarked that "the agenda for researchers who investigate sport morality is large and challenging" (p. 273). As part of that agenda, they identified an urgent need to develop reliable and valid measures to assess the moral dimensions of sport experience. Ten years later, this need remains urgent: Little progress has been made in moral assessment in sport psychology, yet researchers' interest in sport morality has burgeoned over the last 10 years (see Kavussanu, 2007). One aspect of sport morality that is of particular need for sound measurement is behavior. As scholars (Bandura, 1991;Blasi, 1980;Bredemeier & Shields, 1998) have repeatedly emphasized, ultimately, it is behavior that matters. The purpose of the current research was to develop a reliable and valid instrument that assesses morally relevant social behavior in sport.In developing this instrument, we were guided by the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action (Bandura, 1991), which focuses on overt behavior. According to Bandura (1991), individuals use multidimensional rules or standardsThe authors are with the

Adaptation of the Attitudes to Moral Decision-Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire into Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study in a Turkish Sample

“…Woods (2011) ise, spor ve fiziksel aktivitenin kişilere çözmeleri gereken ahlaki ikilemler sunduğunu ve doğruluk, dürüstlük, sorumluluk ve alçakgönüllülük gibi ahlaki kodları geliştirmek için fırsatlar verdiğini belirtmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sporda ahlaki karar alma (Lee, Whitehead ve Ntoumanis, 2007), sporda ahlaki çözülme (Boardley ve Kavussanu, 2007), sporda ahlaki içerik yargısı (Proios, 2010), sportmenlik yönelimi (Vallerand, Briere, Blanchard ve Provencher, 1997), Sporda prososyal ve anti sosyal davranışlar (Kavussanu ve Boardley, 2009), konularında ise birçok ölçme aracı geliştirilmiş ve bunlar spor felsefesi çalışmalarında kullanılmak üzere alanyazında yer almıştır. Bu ölçekler spor ortamında meydana gelen ikilemlere dair örnekleri, olası spor senaryolarını ve bu ikilemlerde sergilenen tutumları içerir.…”

Attitudes to Moral Decision Making of the Student Athletes in Secondary and High School Level According to Sport Variables

“…Daha sonra fair play ve sportmenlik ile ilgili ölçeklerle genç sporcularda ahlaki eğilimleri değerlendirmek araştırmacıların konusu olmuştur (Boixadós ve Cruz, 1995, Vallerand et.al., 1997. Akabinde, spor ortamındaki ahlaki eğilimleri ölçmek üzere Genç Sporcuların Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumları (Lee et.al., 2007), Sporda Ahlaki Çözülme (Boardley ve Kavussanu, 2007), Sporda Olumlu Sosyal ve Olumsuz Sosyal Davranış (Kavussanu ve Boardley, 2009) ve Sporda Ahlaki İçerik Yargısı (Proios, 2010) isimlerinde birçok ölçek geliştirilmiş ve spor ahlakı araştırmalarında ciddi bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Spor ortamındaki ahlaki araştırmalarının önemli amacı, etik dışı davranışların gelişiminde etkili olabilen faktörleri tanımlamaktır.…”

Development and Validation of the Compliant and Principled Sportspersonship Scale

“…To examine the relationship between CAPSS subscales and moral behavior, we used the PABSS (Kavussanu & Boardley, 2009). Specifically, we hypothesized that higher levels of sportspersonship would be positively associated with prosocial behavior and negatively associated with antisocial behavior.…”

“…However, informing the official that a penalty should not be awarded for one's team is a form of proactive sports behavior and is widely congratulated. Drawing on Bandura's work that distinguishes between inhibitive and proactive moral behavior, Kavussanu and Boardley (2009) considered differentiating between prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport and developed the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS). This scale identified behaviors toward teammates and opponents.…”