This study indicates that following SG, the stomach empties its contents rapidly into the small intestine and symptoms of vomiting after eating (characteristic of restrictive procedures) are either absent or very mild. Therefore, the term 'restrictive' is possibly ill-advised for this new bariatric operation. It remains for other mechanisms of energy intake reduction, such as intestinal distension and satiety signals through gut hormones to be investigated, to comprehensively explain precisely how this 'food limiting' procedure results in weight loss.

Our study indicates the constant effect of SG in the acceleration of gastric emptying of solids, which occurs faster, not only in short but also in long-term postoperatively. Such effects on gastric motility, in combination with the reported alterations in gut hormones, may explain how this 'food limiting' operation results in weight loss.

No abstract

Desmoid tumor, also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid-type fibromatosis, is a rare monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation arising in musculoaponeurotic structures. Although histologically benign, desmoids are often locally invasive and associated with a high local recurrence rate after resection. Since it is a heterogeneous disease, in particular regarding clinical presentation, anatomic location and biological behavior, treatment should be individualized to reduce local tumor control failure with concurrently acceptable morbidity and preservation of quality of life. Many issues regarding optimal treatment of desmoids remain controversial. However, wide surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, except when surgery is mutilating and is associated with considerable function loss or major morbidity. Involvement of surgical margins is probably associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Postoperative radiotherapy results in a significant reduction of the local recurrence rate, but only in the case of involved surgical margins. Radiotherapy for gross disease is considerably effective, but is associated with a relatively high rate of complications, which are usually mild or moderate and radiation dose dependent. Radiotherapy should only be applied where anatomic constraints preclude complete resection and radiotherapy is not too toxic. Risk factors for local tumor control failure include young age, large size, presentation as recurrent disease, limb/girdle or intra-abdominal location, involved surgical margins, omission of radiotherapy, radiation dose less than 50 Gy and insufficient radiation field size. Increased comprehension of the pathogenesis and biological behavior of desmoids resulted in the emerging applicability of systemic therapies and a wait-and-see policy. Systemic treatment may be indicated in patients that have anatomic barriers to effective surgery or radiotherapy. Considering the significant morbidity of surgery and/or radiotherapy for certain locations, especially mutilation and loss of function, and the tumor's natural history, which is often characterized by prolonged periods of stability or even regression, a period of watchful waiting may compose the most appropriate management in selected asymptomatic patients. Attempts to complete eradication of the disease may be worse than the disease itself.

Weight loss after VBG improves the cardiac diastolic function and this is associated with an improvement in cardiopulmonary exercise performance. Left ventricular filling variables could be considered among the most important determinants of exercise intolerance in obese individuals.

SG accelerates gastric emptying and small bowel transit of semisolids. In addition, it delays the initiation of cecal filling and T ICVt. This early and prolonged contact of food with the distal small bowel mucosa may explain the metabolic effects of SG occurring before substantial weight loss.

The frequency of LBP is significantly higher in morbidly obese patients than in lean subjects. Surgical weight reduction results in significant improvement and even disappearance of this obesity co-morbidity.

The bariatric surgery most satisfactorily improved the patients' psychosomatic condition, as well as their quality of life, during the first 2 years after VBG.