This research study was undertaken to identify problems and negative effects of the use of National Youths Service Corp (NYSC) members as ad-hoc teaching staff in Nigeria with particular reference to Kalgo Local Government Area of Kebbi State. A descriptive research design was adopted. Four secondary schools exist in Kalgo Local Government Area, all of which were sampled. Data collection was mainly through the use of inventory, oral interviews and questionnaires. Ineffective curriculum implementation, superficial knowledge of subject matter, lack of commitment, as well as inadequate knowledge of the culture and traditions of the host communities have been identified as the problems and negative effects of the use of corp members as ad-hoc teaching staff in Nigeria. The study recommends the employment of qualified teaching staff, strengthening of the Teachers' Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) and effective inspection and supervision of schools as the panacea for stemming the falling standard of education in Nigeria.
The importance of girl-child education cannot be over emphasized. Hence, this study therefore examined the problems and challenges of girl-child education in kebbi state, with particular reference to Kalgo local government area. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised of all the fifty one (51) primary schools and four (4) secondary schools in Kalgo L.G.A. However, a sample of fourteen (14) primary and two (2) secondary schools was randomly drawn from each of the fourteen communities. Two research questions were formulated, while data collection was majorly through the use of archival data such, checklist/inventory and oral interviews, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and tables. The study revealed that, the problems facing girl-child education in Kebbi state is not far from poverty, early marriage, cultural and religious misconceptions. The study recommends among other things that, government, non-governmental organizations, parents, traditional and religious leaders should join hands in the enlightment campaign for the benefits and need to educate a girl-child. Education will find this work most useful in planning their educational budget so that the rural population of Kalgo LGA is put on the pedestal of equal and adequate educational opportunities for all citizens. Research Questions This study hoped to provide answers to the following research questions: 1. To what extent do girl-children enroll in primary schools in Kalgo L.G.A? 2. To what extent do girl-children enroll in secondary schools in Kalgo L.G.A? II. Methodology Research Design For the purpose of this study, the descriptive research design was adopted, which was used to observe or explain phenomenon without manipulating any variable. Area of Study This research work was carried out in Kalgo Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Kalgo LGA was created in the military edict of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria in 1996, with its headquater in the town of kalgo. It has an area of 1,173km 2 , which is part of the Sokoto plains lying 300m above sea level. At present, Kalgo LGA has fourteen (14) communities/villages.
This study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit on the 4th larval instar of laboratory-reared Anopheles spp at varying concentrations of 0.1ml, 0.2ml, 0.3ml, 0.4ml and 0.5ml for specified periods of 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts identified bioactive components like alkaloid, saponin, phenol, anthraquinone and flavonoid. The LC50 and LC90 values obtained indicate that the ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit had the greatest toxicity on the test organisms within 24hrs of exposure at median LC50 value of 0.485ml compared to the LC50 value of 0.625ml by its aqueous extract. The relative median potency estimates indicate that within 24 hrs, the ethanolic Hyptis suaveolens Poit was 0.161 times more potent on the test organism than aqueous Hyptis suaveolens Poit. The result of this research, therefore, underscores the efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit as an eco-friendly alternative in Anopheles mosquito control. It is, therefore, recommended that quantitative phytochemical screening, application of column chromatography as well as thin layer chromatography be carried out on the extracts to isolate and purify toxic phytochemicals with larvicidal potentiality.
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