Illustrations of Gas EquationsStudents in chemistry have great trouble visualizing three-dimensional data in their minds without the use of models or illustrations. Until recently, a three-dimensional surface viewed from various perspectives could be drawn only by a very talented draftsman.SURFACE II, a graphics system developed by the Kansas Geological Survey, has the capability of taking threedimensional data and plotting it to produce a perspective block diagram (also referred to as a fishnet plot). This graphics system has the capability of plotting the surface from different angles and/or different elevations by altering only two parameters in the computer program. This routine was used to plot examples of the van der Waals' and ideal gas law equations.
Gas Equations Above the Critical TemperatureIn working with the gas laws, students very rarely are required to have a knowledge of the true shape of threedimensional data. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in the ideal gas law above the critical temperature of the gas. From eqn.
The implementation and results of a source term control program implemented at the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant (JAF), a mature boiling water reactor (BWR) facility that has been in commercial operation since 1975, are discussed. Following a chemical decontamination of the reactor water recirculation piping in the Reload 8/Cycle 9 refueling outage in 1988, hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) and feedwater Zn addition were implemented. This is the first application of both HWC and feedwater Zn addition in a BWR facility. The radiological benefits and impacts of combined operation of HWC and feedwater Zn addition at JAF during Cycle 9 are detailed and summarized. The implementation of hydrogen water chemistry resulted in a significant transport of corrosion products within the reactor coolant system that was greater than anticipated. Feedwater Zn addition appears to be effective in controlling buildup of other activated corrosion products such as 60Co on reactor water recirculation piping; however, adverse impacts were encountered. The major adverse impact of feedwater Zn addition is the production of 65Zn that is released during plant outages and operational transients.
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